1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections
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The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with the re-election of United States President Ulysses S. Grant. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1870 United States census increased the number of House seats to 292.
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All 292 seats in the United States House of Representatives 147 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Grant's Republican Party increased its majority greatly, partly at the expense of the opposition Democratic Party and partly by adding 49 new seats to the House. The pro-industry outlook of the Republicans appealed to many Northern voters, especially as the post-war economy exploded, and this allowed the party to flourish as the Industrial Revolution grew more widespread. The Republicans also benefited from a continuing association with Civil War victory as well as disarray amongst Democratic leadership.
Election summaries
editFollowing the 1870 census, the House was reapportioned, initially adding 40 seats,[1] followed by a subsequent amendment to the apportionment act adding another seat to 9 states,[2] resulting in a total increase of 49 seats. No states lost seats, 10 states had no change, 13 states gained 1 seat each, 9 states gained 2 seats, 3 states gained 3 seats, 1 State gained 4 seats, and 1 State gained 5 seats. Prior to the supplemental act, two states (New Hampshire and Vermont) had each lost 1 seat. This was the first reapportionment after the repeal of the three-fifths compromise by the 14th Amendment.
This would prove the last time until 1966 that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas.[3]
| 89 | 203 |
| Democratic | Republican |
| State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
| Alabama | District + 2 at-large | 8 |  2 | 2 |  1 | 6[d] | 3 |
| Arkansas | District + at-large | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4[d] | 2 |
| California | District | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |  |
| Connecticut[e] | District | 4 | | 1 | | 3 | |
| Delaware | At-large | 1 | | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Florida | At-large | 2 | 1 | 0 | | 2 | 1 |
| Georgia | District | 9 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Illinois | District | 19 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 14 | 6 |
| Indiana[f] | District + 3 at-large | 13 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 4 |
| Iowa | District | 9 | 3 | 0 | | 9 | 3 |
| Kansas | At-large | 3 | 2 | 0 | | 3 | 2 |
| Kentucky | District | 10 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 0 | |
| Louisiana | District + 1 at-large | 6 | 1 | 0 | | 6[d] | 1 |
| Maine[f] | District | 5 | | 0 | | 5 | |
| Maryland | District | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Massachusetts | District | 11 | 1 | 0 | | 11 | 1 |
| Michigan | District | 9 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 4 |
| Minnesota | District | 3 | 1 | 0 | | 3 | 1 |
| Mississippi | District | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |
| Missouri | District | 13 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 1 |
| Nebraska[f] | At-large | 1 | | 0 | | 1 | |
| Nevada | At-large | 1 | | 1 | | 0 | |
| New Hampshire[e] | District | 3 | | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| New Jersey | District | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 |
| New York | District + 1 at-large | 33 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 24 | 9 |
| North Carolina[f] | District | 8 | 1 | 5 | | 3 | 1 |
| Ohio[f] | District | 20 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 14[d] | |
| Oregon[f] | At-large | 1 | | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pennsylvania[f] | District + 3 at-large | 27 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 22 | 9 |
| Rhode Island | District | 2 | | 0 | | 2 | |
| South Carolina | District + 1 at-large | 5 | 1 | 0 | | 5 | 1 |
| Tennessee | District + 1 at-large | 10 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 5 |
| Texas | District + 2 at-large | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Vermont[f] | District | 3 | | 0 | | 3 | |
| Virginia | District | 9 | 1 | 5 | | 4 | 1 |
| West Virginia[f] | District | 3 | | 2[c] | | 1 | |
| Wisconsin | District | 8 | 2 | 2 | | 6 | 2 |
| Total | 292 | 49 | 89[c] 30.5% | 13 | 203[g] 69.5% | 62 30.5% | |
Election dates
editIn 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform nationwide date for choosing Presidential electors.[4] This law did not affect election dates for Congress, which remained within the jurisdiction of State governments, but over time, the States moved their Congressional elections to this date as well. In 1872–73, there were still 9 states with earlier election dates, and 2 states with later election dates:
- Early elections (1872):
- June 4 Oregon
- August 1 North Carolina
- August 27 West Virginia
- September 3 Vermont
- September 9 Maine
- October 8 Indiana, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania
- Late elections (1873):
- March 11, 1873 New Hampshire
- April 7, 1873 Connecticut
Special elections
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2019) |
- Connecticut 1: 1872
- Georgia 8: 1873
- Louisiana 4: 1872
- Louisiana 4: 1873
- Massachusetts 3: 1873
- Oregon at-large: 1873
- Pennsylvania 13: 1872
Alabama
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Arkansas
edit| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Arkansas 1 | James M. Hanks | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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| Arkansas 2 | Oliver P. Snyder | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Arkansas 3 | Thomas Boles[h] | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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| Arkansas at-large | None | Vacant since 32nd Congress (Civil War and Reconstruction) New member elected. Liberal Republican gain. |
| ||
California
editA new seat was added, following the 1870 U.S. census, bringing the delegation up from three to four Representatives.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| California 1 | None (new district) | New district. New member elected. Republican gain. |
| ||
| California 2 | Aaron Augustus Sargent | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| California 3 | John M. Coghlan | Republican | 1871 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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| California 4 | Sherman O. Houghton Redistricted from the 1st district. | Republican | 1871 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Connecticut
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Delaware
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 County results Lofland: 50–60% Wright: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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The election was held November 5, 1872.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Delaware at-large | Benjamin T. Biggs | Democrat | 1868 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican Gain. |
|
Florida
editFlorida gained a second seat after the 1870 census, but delayed districting until 1874, electing both Representatives at-large for this election.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Florida at-large 2 seats on a general ticket | Josiah T. Walls | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| None (New seat) | New seat. Republican gain. | ||||
Georgia
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Illinois
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Indiana
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Iowa
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Kansas
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Kentucky
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Louisiana
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In the newly formed at-large district, George A. Sheridan (Liberal Republican) beat P. B. S. Pinchback (Republican), the first black Governor of Louisiana.[7] Pinchback challenged the election and it was settled in February 1875, in Sheridan's favor, only one month before the end of the Congress.
Maine
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Maryland
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Massachusetts
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Michigan
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Minnesota
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Mississippi
edit| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Mississippi 1 | George E. Harris | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Mississippi 2 | Joseph L. Morphis | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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| Mississippi 3 | Henry W. Barry | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Mississippi 4 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Mississippi 5 | Legrand W. Perce | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. |
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| George C. McKee Redistricted from the 4th district. | Republican | 1869 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Mississippi 6 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
Missouri
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Nebraska
edit| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Nebraska at-large | John Taffe | Republican | 1866 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Nevada
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New Hampshire
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
New Jersey
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
New York
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
North Carolina
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Ohio
editAfter redistricting and eleven retirements, only four of the nineteen incumbents were re-elected.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[15] | |
| Ohio 1 | Ozro J. Dodds | Democratic | 1872 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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| Ohio 2 | Job E. Stevenson | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Liberal Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 3 | Lewis D. Campbell | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 4 | John F. McKinney | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 5 | Charles N. Lamison | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Ohio 6 | John Armstrong Smith | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 7 | Samuel Shellabarger | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. |
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| John Thomas Wilson Redistricted from the 11th district. | Republican | 1866 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. | ||
| Ohio 8 | John Beatty | Republican | 1868 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 9 | George W. Morgan Redistricted from the 13th district. | Democratic | 1868 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 10 | Charles Foster Redistricted from the 9th district. | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Erasmus D. Peck | Republican | 1870 (special) | Incumbent retired. Republican loss. | ||
| Ohio 11 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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| Ohio 12 | Philadelph Van Trump | Democratic | 1866 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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| Ohio 13 | None (new district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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| Ohio 14 | James Monroe | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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| Ohio 15 | William P. Sprague | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Ohio 16 | John Bingham | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 17 | Jacob A. Ambler | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 18 | William H. Upson | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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| Ohio 19 | James A. Garfield | Republican | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Ohio 20 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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Oregon
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Pennsylvania
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Rhode Island
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
South Carolina
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Tennessee
edit| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Tennessee at-large | Horace Maynard Redistricted from the 2nd district. | Republican | 1865 | New district. Republican gain. |
|
| Tennessee 1 | Roderick R. Butler | Republican | 1867 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Tennessee 2 | Abraham E. Garrett Redistricted from the 3rd district. | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent. Republican gain. |
|
| Tennessee 3 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Tennessee 4 | John M. Bright | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Tennessee 5 | Edward I. Golladay | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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| Tennessee 6 | Washington C. Whitthorne | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Tennessee 7 | Robert P. Caldwell | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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| Tennessee 8 | William W. Vaughan | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
| Tennessee 9 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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Texas
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Vermont
editThis section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017) |
Virginia
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West Virginia
edit| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| West Virginia 1 | John J. Davis | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. Independent Democratic gain. |
|
| West Virginia 2 | James McGrew | Republican | 1868 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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| West Virginia 3 | Frank Hereford | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin
editWisconsin elected eight members of congress on Election Day, November 5, 1872. Two seats were newly added in reapportionment after the 1870 census.[29][30]
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Wisconsin 1 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
| ||
| Wisconsin 2 | Gerry Whiting Hazelton | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 3 | J. Allen Barber | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 4 | Alexander Mitchell Redistricted from the 1st district. | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 5 | Charles A. Eldredge Redistricted from the 4th district. | Democratic | 1862 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 6 | Philetus Sawyer Redistricted from the 5th district. | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 7 | Jeremiah McLain Rusk Redistricted from the 6th district. | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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| Wisconsin 8 | None (new district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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Non-voting delegates
editColorado Territory
edit| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Colorado Territory at-large | Jerome B. Chaffee | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Dakota Territory
edit| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Dakota Territory at-large | Moses K. Armstrong | Independent Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent re-elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Idaho Territory
edit| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Idaho Territory at-large | Samuel A. Merritt | Democratic | 1870 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Montana Territory
edit
Maginnis
- 50–60%
- 60–70%
Clagett
- 50–60%
No Data
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Montana Territory at-large | William H. Clagett | Republican | 1871 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Wyoming Territory
edit| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Wyoming Territory at-large | William T. Jones | Republican | 1870 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ In the majority of states; 11 states held elections on different dates between June 4, 1872 and April 7, 1873.
- ^ Includes 1 Independent Republican.
- ^ a b c Includes 1 Independent Democrat, John J. Davis, elected to WV-01.
- ^ a b c d Includes 1 Liberal Republican.
- ^ a b Elections held late.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Elections held early.
- ^ Includes 4 Liberal Republicans.
- ^ Thomas Boles lost election in 1870 to John Edwards, contested the election and was seated February 1872.
- ^ Wilshire (Republican) was initially seated (and thus is counted towards the party totals at this article), but the election was contested and the seat was subsequently awarded to Gunter (Democratic) during the 40th Congress's first session.
- ^ Represented the Brindle Tail Republican faction in Arkansas
- ^ Represented the Minstrel Republican faction in Arkansas
References
edit- ^ 17 Stat. 28
- ^ 17 Stat. 192
- ^ Heersink, Boris; Jenkins, Jeffrey A. (March 19, 2020). Republican Party Politics and the American South, 1865-1968. Cambridge University Press. p. 256. ISBN 978-1107158436.
- ^ 5 Stat. 721: 28th Congress, 2nd Sess., Ch. 1, enacted January 23, 1845
- ^ a b c d Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1046. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
- ^ "DE District At Large - Nov 05, 1872". Our Campaigns. January 13, 2006. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - LA - At Large Race - Nov 05, 1872". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 9, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Oct 8, 1872". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 19, 2021.
- ^ Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. p. 306.
- ^ "TN - At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
- ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ^ Turner, A. J., ed. (1874). "Official directory". The legislative manual of the state of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 444–445. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 05, 1872". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
- ^ "DK Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 6, 2021.
- ^ "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 3, 2021.
- ^ "MT Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
- ^ "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
Bibliography
edit- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
edit- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
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