The First Federal Parliament of Nepal, consisting of the House of Representatives and the National Assembly, was elected via the 2017 legislative, provincial and local elections.
| 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
 | |||||
| Overview | |||||
| Legislative body | Federal Parliament of Nepal | ||||
| Term | 4 March 2018 – 18 September 2022 | ||||
| Election | 2017 general elections 2018, 2020, 2022 National Assembly elections | ||||
| Government | Oli cabinet, 2018 Fifth Deuba Cabinet | ||||
| Website | www | ||||
| House of Representatives | |||||
 | |||||
| Members | 275 | ||||
| Speaker of the House | Krishna Bahadur Mahara (until 1 October 2019) Agni Prasad Sapkota (from 26 January 2020) | ||||
| Deputy Speaker | Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe (until 20 January 2020) Pushpa Bhusal Gautam (from 15 July 2022) | ||||
| Leader of the House | Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli, CPN (UML) (until 13 July 2021) Sher Bahadur Deuba, Congress (from 13 July 2021) | ||||
| Leader of the Opposition | Sher Bahadur Deuba, Congress (until 13 July 2021) Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli, CPN (UML) (from 13 July 2021) | ||||
| Party control | Government (158) External Support (18)
Opposition (93) Vacant (4)
| ||||
| National Assembly | |||||
 | |||||
| Members | 59 | ||||
| Chairperson | Ganesh Prasad Timilsina | ||||
| Vice-chairperson | Shashikala Dahal (until 4 March 2022) vacant (since 4 March 2022) | ||||
| Party control | Government (39) External Support (2)
Opposition (17) | ||||
165 members were elected via first-past-the-post system[6] and 110 through the proportional representation system to form the 275-member House of Representatives for a five-year term. On 7 February 2018, the provincial electoral colleges, composed of provincial assembly members elected in the provincial elections and chairs and deputy-chairs of local administrative units elected in the local elections, elected eight members each, for a total of 56 elected members, and three more were appointed by the President as nominated by the government, to form the 59 member National Assembly. The National Assembly members drew lots to determine the thirds whose terms would be of two, four and six years respectively.
On 23 January 2020, the National Assembly electoral college met for the second time to elect 18 of the 19 Class I members.[7] The electoral college met again on 26 January 2022 to elect 20 members of the 2nd Class.[8]
The House of Representatives was dissolved on 20 December 2020 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari on the request of Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli's cabinet.[9] The House was reinstated on 24 February 2021 following a decision by the Supreme Court of Nepal.[10] The House of Representatives was again dissolved on 22 May 2021 by President Bidya Devi Bhandari and was reinstated again on 12 July 2021 by the Supreme Court.[11][12] The parliament was dissolved on 18 September 2022 after completing its five-year term.[13][14]
Leaders
editHouse of Representatives
editOffice bearers
edit- Speaker of the House of Representatives:
- Rt. Hon. Krishna Bahadur Mahara (until 1 October 2019)[15]
- Rt. Hon. Agni Prasad Sapkota (from 26 January 2020)[16]
- Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives:
- Hon. Shiva Maya Tumbahamphe (until 20 January 2020)[17]
- Hon. Pushpa Bhusal Gautam (from 15 July 2022)[18]
- Prime Minister of Nepal:
- Rt. Hon. KP Sharma Oli (until 13 July 2021) (CPN (UML))
- Rt. Hon. Sher Bahadur Deuba (since 13 July 2021) (Nepali Congress)
- Leader of the Opposition:
- Rt. Hon. Sher Bahadur Deuba (until 13 July 2021) (Nepali Congress)
- Rt. Hon. KP Sharma Oli (since 13 July 2021) (CPN (UML))
Parliamentary party leaders
edit- Parliamentary party leader of Nepali Congress: Sher Bahadur Deuba
- Deputy parliamentary party leader: Bijay Kumar Gachhadar
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (UML): KP Sharma Oli
- Deputy parliamentary party leader: Subhash Chandra Nemwang
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (Maoist Centre): Pushpa Kamal Dahal[19]
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (Unified Socialist): Madhav Kumar Nepal
- Parliamentary party leader of People's Socialist Party: Upendra Yadav
- Parliamentary party leader of Loktantrik Samajwadi Party: Mahantha Thakur
Whips
edit- Chief Whip (Nepali Congress):
- Bal Krishna Khand (until 12 July 2021)
- Chitra Lekha Yadav (from 20 July 2022)[20]
- Whip (Nepali Congress):
- Pushpa Bhusal (until 15 July 2022)
- Min Bishwakarma (from 20 July 2022)[20]
- Chief Whip (CPN (UML)): Bishal Bhattarai
- Whip (CPN (UML)): Shanta Chaudhary
- Chief Whip (CPN (Maoist Centre)): Dev Prasad Gurung
- Chief Whip (CPN (Unified Socialist)): Jeevan Ram Shrestha
- Chief Whip (People's Socialist Party): Pramod Sah
- Chief Whip (Loktantrik Samajwadi Partyl): Umashankar Argariya
National Assembly
editOffice bearers
edit- Chairperson of the National Assembly: Rt. Hon. Ganesh Prasad Timilsina[21]
- Vice-Chairperson of the National Assembly:
- Hon. Shashikala Dahal (until 4 March 2022)[22]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
Parliamentary party leaders
edit- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (UML):
- Suman Raj Pyakurel (until 4 March 2022)[23]
- Khim Lal Bhattarai (since 10 March 2022)[24]
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (Maoist Centre):
- Dina Nath Sharma (until 4 March 2022) [19]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
- Parliamentary party leader of Nepali Congress:
- Surendra Raj Pandey (until 3 March 2020)
- Radheshyam Adhikari (from 10 March 2020 to 4 March 2022)[25]
- Vacant (since 4 March 2022)
- Parliamentary party leader of CPN (Unified Socialist): Beduram Bhusal[26]
Whips
edit- Chief Whip of CPN (UML):
- Chief Whip of Nepali Congress:
- Sarita Prasain (until 3 March 2020)[27]
Members of the House of Representatives
edit
|
| Party | After election | At dissolution | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPTH | Prop. | Total | FPTH | Prop. | Total | +/– | ||
| Registered parliamentary parties | ||||||||
| CPN (UML)[d] | 81 | 41 | 121 | 68 | 28 | 96 |  25 | |
| Nepali Congress | 23 | 40 | 63 | 23 | 40 | 62 | 1 | |
| CPN (Maoist Centre)[d] | 36 | 17 | 53 | 32 | 17 | 49[e] | 4 | |
| CPN (Unified Socialist)[f] | — | — | — | 12 | 13 | 25 |  25 | |
| People's Socialist Party[g] | — | — | — | 13 | 8 | 19 | 19 | |
| Loktantrik Samajwadi Party[h] | — | — | — | 9 | 4 | 13 | 13 | |
| Nepal Socialist Party | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | |
| Others | ||||||||
| Rastriya Prajatantra Party[i] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 |  | |
| Rastriya Janamorcha[i] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | | |
| Nepal Workers Peasants Party[i] | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | | |
| Independent | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | | |
| Former parties | ||||||||
| Rastriya Janata Party Nepal[g] | 11 | 6 | 17 | — | — | — | 17 | |
| Federal Socialist Forum[j] | 10 | 6 | 16 | — | — | — | 16 | |
| Naya Shakti Party, Nepal[i][j] | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | |
| Suspended | — | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | 3 | |
| Vacant | — | — | — | 4 | — | 4 | 4 | |
| Total | 165 | 110 | 275 | 161 | 110 | 271 | ||
Members
edit| CPN (Unified Socialist) (25) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Kathmandu 2 | Madhav Kumar Nepal | Parliamentary party Leader |
| Kathmandu 8 | Jeevan Ram Shrestha | Chief Whip |
| Khas Arya | Kalyani Kumari Khadka | President of Development and Technology Committee |
| Dalit | Nira Devi Jairu | President of State Direction Principle, Rules and Responsibility Committee |
| Tehrathum 1 | Bhawani Prasad Khapung | |
| Indigenous peoples | Bina Devi Budhathoki Magar | |
| Makwanpur 2 | Birodh Khatiwada | |
| Dolpa 1 | Dhan Bahadur Buda | |
| Mugu 1 | Gopal Bahadur Bam | |
| Dang 3 | Hira Chandra K.C. | |
| Ilam 1 | Jhala Nath Khanal | |
| Muslim | Kalila Khatun | |
| Tanahun 1 | Krishna Kumar Shrestha | |
| Lalitpur 2 | Krishna Lal Maharjan | |
| Tharu | Laxmi Kumari Chaudhary | |
| Dang 1 | Metmani Chaudhary | |
| Khas Arya | Maya Devi Neupane | |
| Khas Arya | Mukunda Neupane | |
| Dalit | Parbati Kumari Bisunkhe | |
| Doti 1 | Prem Bahadur Ale | |
| Madheshi | Pushpa Kumari Karna Kayasta | |
| Indigenous peoples | Ram Kumari Jhankri | |
| Muslim | Samina Hussein | |
| Madheshi | Sarala Kumari Yadav | |
| Palpa 2 | Som Prasad Pandey | |
| Indigenous peoples | Tulsi Thapa | |
| Loktantrik Samajwadi Party (13) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Mahottari 3 | Mahanta Thakur[m] | Parliamentary party Leader |
| Dhanusha 2 | Uma Shankar Aragriya[l] | Chief Whip |
| Parsa 2 | Bimal Prasad Shrivastav[l] | President of Industry, Commerce, Labour and Consumer Interest Committee |
| Parsa 4 | Laxman Lal Karna[m] | President of Parliamentary Hearing Committee |
| Rautahat 1 | Anil Kumar Jha[m] | |
| Madheshi | Chanda Chaudhary[m] | |
| Saptari 3 | Chandra Kanta Chaudhary[m] | |
| Dalit | Dulari Devi Khanga[m] | |
| Bara 4 | Iqbal Miya[m] | |
| Dalit | Kalu Devi Biswokarma[l] | |
| Khas Arya | Nirjala Raut[m] | |
| Dhanusha 3 | Rajendra Mahato[m] | |
| Mahottari 2 | Sharat Singh Bhandari[m] | |
| Rastriya Prajatantra Party (1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Jhapa 3 | Rajendra Prasad Lingden | |
| Rastriya Janamorcha (1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Pyuthan 1 | Durga Poudel | |
| Nepal Majdoor Kisan Party (1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Bhaktapur 1 | Prem Suwal | |
| Independent (1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Constituency/PR group | Member | Portfolio & Responsibilities |
| Humla 1 | Chakka Bahadur Lama | |
Suspensions
edit| Constituency/PR group | Name | Party | Date of suspension | Reason | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kailali 1 | Resham Lal Chaudhary | Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 3 January 2019 | Suspended following murder charges[28] | |
| Parsa 3 | Hari Narayan Rauniyar | Federal Socialist Forum | 8 October 2019 | Suspendend following graft charges[29] | |
| Rautahat 2 | Mohammad Aftab Alam | Nepali Congress | 14 October 2019 | Suspended following murder charges[30] | |
Changes
editBy-elections are held for seats that become vacant or members elected through proportional representation are replaced from the party list.
| Constituency/PR group | Incumbent | Replacement | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Party | Date vacated | Reason | Name | Party | Date elected | Change | |||
| Kaski 2 | Rabindra Prasad Adhikari | Nepal Communist Party[o] | 27 February 2019 | Death[31] | Bidya Bhattarai | Nepal Communist Party | 30 November 2019 | By-election | ||
| Indigenous peoples | Gyan Kumari Chantyal | Nepali Congress | 1 July 2020 | Death[32] | Subarna Jwarchan[33] | Nepali Congress | 19 July 2020 | List | ||
| Khas Arya | Sarita Giri | People's Socialist Party, Nepal[l] | 9 July 2020 | Sacked for disobeying party whip[34] | Lila Devi Sitaula[35] | People's Socialist Party | 29 July 2020 | List | ||
| Dalit | Sanu Siva | CPN (UML) | 14 October 2020 | Death[36] | Janaki Devi Ram[37] | CPN (UML) | 4 April 2021 | List | ||
| Khas Arya | Surya Bahadur K.C. | Nepali Congress | 4 November 2020 | Death[38] | Mohan Prasad Pandey[39] | Nepali Congress | 23 November 2020 | List | ||
| Kailali 3 | Gauri Shankar Chaudhary | CPN (Maoist Centre) | 8 April 2021 | Expelled for joining CPN (UML)[40] | ||||||
| Arghakhanchi 1 | Top Bahadur Rayamajhi | |||||||||
| Kailali 4 | Lekhraj Bhatta | |||||||||
| Rautahat 3 | Prabhu Sah | |||||||||
Defections
editMembers of the National Assembly
edit| Party | After 2018 election | After 2020 election | After 2022 election | At time of dissolution of HoR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPN (UML) | 29 | — | 17 | 18[c] | |
| CPN (Maoist Centre) | 13 | — | 16 | 16[a] | |
| Nepali Congress | 13 | 6 | 10 | 10 | |
| CPN (Unified Socialist) | — | — | 9 | 9[b] | |
| People's Socialist Party | — | — | 3 | 3 | |
| Loktantrik Samajwadi Party[42] | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Rastriya Janamorcha | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Independent | — | — | 1 | 1 | |
| Nepal Communist Party | — | 50 | — | — | |
| Rastriya Janata Party Nepal | 2 | 2 | — | — | |
| Federal Socialist Forum | 2 | — | — | — | |
| Samajbadi Party | — | 1 | — | — | |
| Total | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | |
Retired members of the National Assembly
editExplanatory notes
edit- ^ a b 15 elected and 1 nominated
- ^ a b 8 elected and 1 nominated
- ^ a b 17 elected (including chairperson) and 1 nominated
- ^ a b CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) merged to form Nepal Communist Party from 17 May 2018 to 8 March 2021
- ^ Including the Speaker, who does not vote on deliberations
- ^ Split from CPN (UML) on 25 August 2021
- ^ a b Samajbadi Party and Rastriya Janata Party Nepal merged to form People's Socialist Party on 22 April 2020
- ^ Split from People's Socialist Party on 25 August 2021
- ^ a b c d Represented as Independent for not meeting party threshold.
- ^ a b FSFN and Naya Shakti merged on 6 May 2019 to form Samajbadi Party
- ^ Elected from the Nepal Communist Party. Joined CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) after the party split.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Elected from Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Elected from Rastriya Janata Party Nepal
- ^ Elected from Naya Shakti Party, Nepal
- ^ Elected from Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Succession of the two-year-term seat via the 2020 Nepalese National Assembly election[44]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Succession of the four-year-term seat via the 2022 Nepalese National Assembly election[43]
- ^ Succession via by-election caused due to expulsion of sitting member, Ram Bahadur Thapa, from CPN (Maoist Centre)[46]
References
edit- ^ "देउवालाई विश्वासको मत दिने यी हुन् एमालेका २२ सांसद". Online Khabar (in Nepali). 18 July 2021.
- ^ "महन्थ ठाकुर पक्ष आन्तरिक छलफलमा, सरकारमा सहभागी नहुने". eKantipur (in Nepali). 12 September 2021.
- ^ "सरकारमा सहभागिताबारे लोसपामा दुईधार". eKantipur (in Nepali). 12 September 2021.
- ^ "DSP's executive committee meeting underway". Khabarhub. 12 September 2021.
- ^ "Sher Bahadur Deuba wins vote of confidence in Nepal Parliament". The Indian Express. 19 July 2021.
- ^ "UML on top as FPTP vote count concludes". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ "18 new members of National Assembly sworn in today". The Himalayan Times. 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ Republica. "Ruling alliance secures victory in 18 of 19 seats in National Assembly poll (With list of elected candidates)". My Republica. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
- ^ Sharma, Gopal (2020-12-20). "Nepal heads to surprise election next year after PM loses ground". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
- ^ "House reinstated". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
- ^ "Nepal President dissolves Parliament, announces mid-term polls in November". The Hindu. 2021-05-22. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ Sharma, Gopal (2021-07-12). "Nepal's Supreme Court reinstates parliament; orders new PM to be appointed". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
- ^ Republica. "Despite being dissolved twice, HoR completes its 5-year term". My Republica. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ^ "Mud-slinging the order of the day in Parliament's last sitting". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ^ "Speaker Mahara resigns following rape allegations". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ "Sapkota becomes Speaker amid concerns from conflict victims and rights watchdogs". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ "Shiva Maya Tumbahangphe resigns as Deputy Speaker". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ "Pushpa Bhusal elected deputy speaker of Lower House". thehimalayantimes.com. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
- ^ a b "Prachanda elected PP leader". GorakhaPatra. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ a b "NC nominates Chief Whip and Whip". My Republica. Retrieved 2022-12-19.
- ^ "Ganesh Timilsina elected NA chair". The Himalayan Times. 2018-03-15. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ "The Rising Nepal: Dahal elected NA Vice-chair". therisingnepal.org.np. Archived from the original on 2020-09-01. Retrieved 2020-04-03.
- ^ "UML PP meet picks Suman Pyakurel as NA PP leader". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ a b c "Bhattarai appointed UML's PP leader in National Assembly, Dahal Chief Whip". Nepal Press. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
- ^ "Adhikari nominated NC PP leader for National Assembly". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
- ^ "CPN Unified Socialist picks Beduram Bhusal as PP leader in National Assembly". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2022-06-08.
- ^ "Prasain appointed Chief Whip of NC". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2022-06-17.
- ^ "SC denies Resham Chaudhary from collecting election certificate through attorney". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
- ^ "Lawmaker Rauniyar, son booked for graft". thehimalayantimes.com. Retrieved 2022-06-15.
- ^ diwakar (2019-10-14). "Parliament suspends Alam after arrest - OnlineKhabar English News". Retrieved 2022-05-20.
- ^ Bhandari, Rajneesh; Sharma, Bhadra (2019-02-27). "Nepal Helicopter Crash Kills 7, Including Tourism Minister". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
- ^ Setopati, Setopati. "NC lawmaker Gyan Kumari Chhantyal passes away". Setopati. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
- ^ Setopati, Setopati. "Suvarna Jwarchan sworn in as HoR member". Setopati. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
- ^ "It's official now, Sarita Giri is no more a lawmaker". OnlineKhabar English News. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ^ "Newly elected Samajwadi Party lawmaker Sitaula takes oath". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ^ "Lawmaker Sanu Shiva Pahadi passes away". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
- ^ Samiti, Rastriya Samachar (2021-04-04). "HoR member Janaki Devi sworn in". Nepal News. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
- ^ "HoR member, industrialist Surya Bahadur KC passes away". The Himalayan Times. 2020-11-04. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
- ^ "Mohan Pandey replaces late Surya B KC in House". OnlineKhabar English News. 23 November 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ^ Samiti, Rastriya Samachar (2021-04-06). "Maoist Centre expels four parliamentarians". The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ "EC recognises CPN (Unified Socialist), Democratic Socialist Party as new parties". Nepal News. 2021-08-26. Retrieved 2022-06-14.
- ^ a b "महन्थ नेतृत्वको नयाँ पार्टीमा क-कसले गरे सनाखत [सूचीसहित]". Lokaantar (in Nepali). Retrieved 2021-08-25.
- ^ Final Results of National Assembly Election, 2022, 27 January 2022
- ^ National Assembly elections today, 23 January 2020
- ^ a b c d Joined other party CPN (Unified Socialist)
- ^ UML's Ram Bahadur Thapa loses NA seat to opposition's Khim Lal Devkota, 20 May 2021
- ^ "Newly elected NA member Devkota taking oath today". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ "Bamdev Gautam sworn in as a member of National Assembly". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
- ^ "Narayan Dahal, Pushpa Kamal's brother, gets the National Assembly membership - OnlineKhabar English News". 2022-04-09. Retrieved 2022-04-09.
- ^ "राष्ट्रिय सभाका मनोनीत सदस्य दाहालले लिए शपथ" (in Nepali). 2022-04-12. Retrieved 2022-04-12.
- ^ "55 members of National Assembly take oath". The Himalayan Times. 2018-03-04. Retrieved 2018-03-29.
- ^ "NA member Yadav takes oath". My Republica. Retrieved 2018-03-29.
- ^ "Home Minister Thapa removed from NA membership". GorakhaPatra. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ "CPN (Maoist Center) expels Khadka from National Assembly member". Khabarhub. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ^ "नवनिर्वाचित राष्ट्रिय सभा सदस्य पाण्डेले लिए शपथ". ekantipur.com (in Nepali). Retrieved 2022-04-09.
🔥 Top keywords: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS te ShqiperiseAlexandria Ocasio-CortezBilderberg GroupCristiano RonaldoDong XiaowanMinecraftOperation GladioPrimal cutRiot FestStrictly Come Dancing (series 7)Main PageSpecial:SearchUEFA Euro 2024Wikipedia:Featured picturesJulian AssangeWebsiteShifty ShellshockUEFA European ChampionshipGeorgia (country)CleopatraDeaths in 20242024 Copa AméricaMikal BridgesStella AssangeThe Acolyte (TV series)Celine DionJamaal BowmanKalki 2898 ADHouse of the DragonYouTubeGeorge Latimer (New York politician)Copa AméricaInside Out 2Cristiano RonaldoOm BirlaDr DisrespectPhil FodenChelsea Manning2024 NBA draftOpinion polling for the 2024 United Kingdom general electionLoss (comic)Project 2025Elon MuskSteven van de VeldeUEFA Euro 2020Georgia national football teamSabrina CarpenterBill Cobbs.xxx