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2020 in spaceflight

This article documents notable spaceflight events during the year 2020.

2020 in spaceflight
NASA astronauts Bob and Doug during Crew Dragon Demo-2
Chang'e 5 during assembly testing
Animation of the asteroid Bennu being sampled by OSIRIS-REX for return to earth
Seven-member crew of ISS Expedition 64
Highlights from spaceflight in 2020[a]
Orbital launches
First7 January
Last29 December
Total114
Successes104
Failures10
Partial failures0
Catalogued104
National firsts
Spaceflight
Satellite
Suborbital launch Netherlands
Rockets
Maiden flights
Retirements
Crewed flights
Orbital4
Suborbital0
Total travellers12
EVAs8

Overview

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Astronomy and astrophysics

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The GECAM A and B satellites were launched on 9 December. They were built for research in electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves.

Exploration of the Solar System

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Three missions to Mars were launched in 2020, including two rovers, two orbiters, and a lander. NASA has launched the Mars 2020 mission, which includes the Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter, and will cache samples for eventual return to Earth.[1] The China National Space Administration (CNSA) has launched its Tianwen-1 mission, which includes an orbiter, a lander, a small rover and a group of deployable and remote cameras;[2] it is China's first mission to another planet using its own delivery vehicle.[1] Finally, the United Arab Emirates, in partnership with American universities, has launched the Hope Mars Mission orbiter on a Japanese rocket.[1]

In November, China launched Chang'e 5, the first sample-return mission to the Moon since Luna 24 in 1976. Chang'e 5 used the recently developed Long March 5 heavy-lift rocket. The mission performed the first-ever robotic lunar orbit rendezvous[3] and returned 1.7 kg (3.7 lb) of lunar soil and rock samples on 16 December.[4]

NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission landed on asteroid 101955 Bennu in October to obtain a surface sample for return to Earth. JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission returned samples of 162173 Ryugu to Earth on 5 December 2020, with its re-entry vehicle recovered in Woomera, Australia.[5]

Heliophysics

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One solar mission was launched: ESA's Solar Orbiter, on 10 February 2020, intended to study the Sun's heliosphere.[6] Parker Solar Probe, launched in 2018, decreased its minimal distance to the Sun further to 14.2 million km.[7]

Earth sciences satellites

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ESA's Sentinel-6 ocean topography measuring satellite was launched on 21 November.

The launch of the TARANIS satellite, planned to study transient events in the Earths atmosphere, failed on 17 November.

Human spaceflight

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In the United States, SpaceX's Dragon 2 spacecraft made its first crewed flight to the International Space Station on 31 May 2020 as part of the Commercial Crew Program,[8] enabling American human orbital spaceflight capability for the first time since the Space Shuttle's retirement in 2011. Dragon 2 became the first commercial system to fly humans to Earth orbit. The second crewed Dragon mission and its first operational mission, Crew-1, launched on 15 November 2020.[9]

China conducted an uncrewed flight test of a next generation crewed spacecraft in May 2020,[10] and continues preparations for the 2021 launch of the Tianhe Core Cabin Module of the Chinese Space Station.[11]

NASA astronaut Christina Koch set a women's record-breaking 328 days spaceflight ending on 6 February 2020. Francisco Rubio holds the all-time American record with 370 days; Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov, still holding the record, had the all-time spaceflight length record of 437 days but died in 2022. Koch also participated in the first all-female spacewalk with Jessica Meir on 18 October 2019.[12]

Rocket innovation

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SpaceX made three atmospheric test flights with prototypes of its fully reusable two-stage-to-orbit vehicle Starship.[13][14]

The trend towards cost reduction in access continued and several rockets made their maiden flights in 2020. Despite the increasing competition the cost of delivering cargo to the ISS went up.[15]

Satellite innovation

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SpaceX started operation of its Starlink constellation in late 2020.[16] As of 2 December 2020, 955 satellites have been launched and Starlink is in a public beta testing phase. OneWeb planned to start service in 2020 as well,[17] but filed for bankruptcy in March 2020 after 74 satellites were launched.[18] OneWeb emerged from bankruptcy and plans to restart launches in December 2020.[19]

The Mission Extension Vehicle MEV-1 became the first telerobotically-operated spacecraft to service another satellite on-orbit when it completed the first phase of a 5-year mission to extend the life of the Intelsat 901 (I-901) satellite. In February 2020, MEV-1 captured the communications satellite, which had been moved to graveyard orbit some months before. In April 2020, MEV-1 successfully brought Intelsat-901 it back to position in geosynchronous orbit where it is now expected to operate for another five years. This was a space industry first as satellite servicing had previously been accomplished only with on-orbit human assistance, during the missions to service the Hubble Space Telescope in the early 2000s.[20]

Orbital launches

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Date and time (UTC)RocketFlight numberLaunch siteLSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)		OperatorOrbitFunctionDecay (UTC)Outcome
Remarks

January

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7 January
02:19:21[21][22]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L2[23] Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
7 January
15:20:14[24][25]		 Long March 3B/E3B-Y62[26] Xichang LC-2 CASC
TJSW-5Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGeosynchronousTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
15 January
02:53[27]		 Long March 2D2D-Y58 Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
Jilin-1 Kuanfu-01Chang Guang Satellite TechnologyLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
ÑuSat 7 (Sophie)SatellogicLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
ÑuSat 8 (Marie)SatellogicLow Earth (SSO)Earth observation3 October 2023[28]Successful
Tianqi-5[29]Guodian GaokeLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
16 January
03:02[30]		 Kuaizhou 1AY9[31] Jiuquan LS-95A ExPace
Yinhe-1 / GS-SparkSat-03 / Galaxy-1[32]Galaxy SpaceLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
16 January
21:05[33]		 Ariane 5 ECAVA251 Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
Eutelsat Konnect[34]EutelsatGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
GSAT-30ISROGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
GSAT-30 will replace INSAT-4A.
29 January
14:06:49 [35][36]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L3 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
31 January
02:56[37]		 Electron"Birds of a Feather" Mahia LC-1A Rocket Lab
USA-294NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
First launch contracted via the NRO's Rapid Acquisition of a Small Rocket (RASR) program, designated NROL-151.

February

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6 February
21:42:41[38][39]		 Soyuz-2.1b / FregatST27[40] Baikonur Site 31/6 Arianespace / Starsem
OneWeb × 34OneWebLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Second OneWeb mission. Baikonur flight 1.
9 February
01:34[41]		 H-IIA 202F41[42] Tanegashima LA-Y1 MHI
IGS-Optical 7CSICELow Earth (SSO)ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
9 February
15:45[43]		 Simorgh Semnan LP-2 ISA
Zafar 1[44]IUSTLow EarthEarth observation9 FebruaryLaunch failure
Satellite failed to reach orbit.
10 February
04:03[45]		 Atlas V 411AV-087[46] Cape Canaveral SLC-41 ULA
Solar OrbiterESAHeliocentricHeliophysicsIn orbitOperational
15 February
20:21:04[51]		 Antares 230+ MARS LP-0A Northrop Grumman
Cygnus NG-13
S.S. Robert H. Lawrence		NASALow Earth (ISS)ISS logistics29 MaySuccessful
Red-Eye 2 (Merlot)DARPALow EarthTechnology demonstration16 November 2022[52]Successful
Red-Eye 3 (Cabernet)DARPALow EarthTechnology demonstration16 November 2022[53]Successful
⚀ DeMiMITLow EarthTechnology demonstration8 March 2022[54]Successful
⚀ TechEdSat-10 (TES-10)[55]NASALow EarthTechnology demonstration15 March 2021Successful
Red-Eye 2, Red-Eye 3, DeMi, and the ELaNa 30 satellite TES-10 were carried within the Cygnus spacecraft and will be released into orbit at a later date.[47] Red-Eye 2 was deployed into orbit from ISS on 17 June 2020.[48] Red-Eye 3 was deployed into orbit on 23 June 2020.[49] DeMi and TechEdSat-10 were deployed on 13 July.[50]
17 February
15:05:55[56]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L4 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
18 February
22:18[57]		 Ariane 5 ECAVA252[58] Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
JCSAT-17[59]JSATGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
GEO-KOMPSAT-2B[60][61]KARIGeosynchronousOcean monitoringIn orbitOperational
19 February
21:07[62][63]		 Long March 2D2D-Y61[64] Xichang LC-3 CASC
XJS-CSASTLow EarthTechnology demonstration13 July 2023[65]Successful
XJS-DSASTLow EarthTechnology demonstration4 June 2024[66]Successful
XJS-EHITLow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
XJS-FCASTLow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
First Long March 2D launch from Xichang.
20 February
08:24:54[67][68]		 Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43/3 RVSN RF
Meridian-M 9 (19L)[69]Ministry of DefenceMolniyaCommunicationsIn orbitOperational

March

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7 March
04:50:31[74]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-082 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
SpaceX CRS-20NASALow Earth (ISS)ISS logistics7 April
18:50		Successful[75]
⚀ G-SATELLITETOCOG / University of TokyoLow EarthSpace advertising18 April 2022[76]Successful
⚀ Quetzal-1 (Guatesat-1)[77]UVGLow EarthTechnology demonstration1 March 2022[78]Successful
⚀ Lynk-04 (Lynk the World)[79][80]Lynk GlobalLow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
Final flight of Dragon 1[broken anchor]. G-SATELLITE (Gundam Satellite) carries two miniature Gundam figurines to promote the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. Quetzal-1 is Guatemala's first satellite.[70] G-SATELLITE and Quetzal-1 were deployed into orbit from the ISS on 28 April 2020.[71][72] Lynk the World, Lynk's fourth satellite, was launched to the ISS on this flight and deployed into space by the Cygnus NG-13 spacecraft on 13 May.[73]
9 March
11:55[81]		 Long March 3B/E3B-Y69[26] Xichang LC-2 CASC
BeiDou-3 G2Q[82]CNSAGeosynchronousNavigationIn orbitOperational
16 March
13:34[83][84]		 Long March 7AY1 Wenchang LC-2 CASC
Xinjishu Yanzheng-6 (XJY-6)TBAGeosynchronousTechnology demonstration16 MarchLaunch failure
First flight of Long March 7A. Failed to reach orbit.
16 March
18:28:10[85]		 Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M Plesetsk Site 43/4 RVSN RF
GLONASS-M 760 (Kosmos 2545)VKSMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
18 March
12:16:39[86]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L5 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Fifth flight of booster B1048; recovery was not successful.
21 March
17:06:58[87]		 Soyuz-2.1b / FregatST28[88] Baikonur Site 31/6 Arianespace / Starsem
OneWeb × 34OneWebLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Baikonur flight 2.
24 March
03:43[89]		 Long March 2C2C-Y42[90] Xichang LC-3 CASC
Yaogan 30-06 01CASLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
Yaogan 30-06 02CASLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
Yaogan 30-06 03CASLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
26 March
20:18[92]		 Atlas V 551AV-086[46] Cape Canaveral SLC-41 ULA
AEHF-6 (USA-298)[93]U.S. Space ForceGeosynchronousMilitary communicationsIn orbitOperational
⚀ TDO-2[94]U.S. Space ForceHighly ellipticalLaser ranging28 September 2022[95]Successful
The TDO-2 Cubesat was also known as OrCa (Orbital Calibration) by the team which designed it at Georgia Tech.[91]

April

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9 April
08:05:06[96]		 Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur Site 31/6 Roscosmos
Soyuz MS-16RoscosmosLow Earth (ISS)Expedition 62/6322 October
02:31		Successful
First crewed flight of Soyuz-2.1a.
9 April
11:46[98]		 Long March 3B/E3B-Y71[26] Xichang LC-2 CASC
Nusantara Dua (Palapa-N1)PSN / IndosatGeosynchronousCommunications9 AprilLaunch failure
Intended to replace Palapa-D. Failed to reach orbit.[97]
22 April
03:59[99]		 Qased Shahroud Space Center IRGC
⚀ Noor 1[100]IRGCLow EarthReconnaissance13 April 2022[101]Successful
Maiden flight of the Qased launch vehicle.
22 April
19:30:30[102]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L6 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 April
01:51:41[103]		 Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur Site 31/6 Roscosmos
Progress MS-14 / 75PRoscosmosLow Earth (ISS)ISS logistics29 April 2021
00:42:27[104]		Successful

May

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5 May
10:00[10]		 Long March 5BY1[108] Wenchang LC-1 CASC
Chinese next-generation crewed spacecraftCMSAHighly ellipticalFlight test8 May
05:49		Successful
Flexible Inflatable Cargo Return Module[109]CASICLow EarthTechnology demonstration6 MaySpacecraft failure
First flight of Long March 5B, testing a new crewed spacecraft.[11] The capsule successfully returned to Earth on 8 May, following on-orbit testing.[105][106] An experimental secondary payload, meant to test inflatable heat shield reentry technologies, malfunctioned during its return to Earth on 6 May.[107]
12 May
01:16[110]		 Kuaizhou 1AY6[111] Jiuquan LS-95A ExPace
Xingyun-2 01Xingyun Satellite Co.Low Earth (SSO)IoTIn orbitOperational
Xingyun-2 02Xingyun Satellite Co.Low Earth (SSO)IoTIn orbitOperational
Xingyun-2 01/02 are the first two small satellites launched for the Xingyun narrow-band Internet of Things constellation to perform data relay and tracking services. The constellation will eventually consist of 80 such satellites.[110]
17 May
13:14:00[112][113]		 Atlas V 501AV-081[46] Cape Canaveral SLC-41 ULA
X-37B OTV-6U.S. Space ForceLow EarthTechnology demonstration12 November 2022
10:22[114]		Successful
FalconSAT-8U.S. Air Force AcademyLow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
USSF-7 mission.
20 May
17:31:00[115]		 H-IIBF9 Tanegashima LA-Y2 MHI
HTV-9JAXALow Earth (ISS)ISS logistics20 August
07:07		Successful
Final HTV cargo launch, and final flight of the H-IIB rocket. The HTV-X and H3 rocket will replace them, respectively.
22 May
07:31:17[116][117]		 Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Plesetsk Site 43/4 RVSN RF
EKS-4 (Tundra 14L)[118]VKSMolniyaEarly warningIn orbitOperational
25 May
19:50[119]		 LauncherOneF1 Cosmic Girl, Mojave Virgin Orbit
Dummy payloadVirgin OrbitLow EarthFlight test25 MayLaunch failure
Starshine 4[121]NASALow EarthEducation25 MayLaunch failure
First orbital flight of LauncherOne. Mission was terminated shortly after first stage ignition.[119][120]
29 May
20:13[122][123]		 Long March 11 Xichang LC-4[124] CASC
XJS-GCASLow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
XJS-HNUDTLow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
30 May
19:22:45[127][128]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-085 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
SpX-DM2 EndeavourSpaceX / NASALow Earth (ISS)Expedition 63 / Crewed flight test2 August
18:48		Successful
Crew Dragon Demo 2: Crewed flight test of SpaceX Dragon 2 as part of the Commercial Crew Development program. Mission successfully concluded on 2 August after two months in space.[125] First crewed orbital spaceflight with a private spacecraft.[126]
31 May
08:53[129][130]		 Long March 2D2D-Y51 Jiuquan SLS-2 CASC
Gaofen-9 02[131]CNSALow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
HEAD-4[132]HEAD AerospaceLow Earth (SSO)AIS ship trackingIn orbitOperational

June

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4 June
01:25:33[21][133]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L7 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Fifth flight of booster B1049; recovery was successful (first booster to be recovered after 5th flight).
10 June
18:31:24[134][135]		 Long March 2C2C-Yxx[64] Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
HaiYang 1DMinistry of Natural ResourcesLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
13 June
05:12:12[141]		 Electron"Don't Stop Me Now"[142] Mahia LC-1A Rocket Lab
Photon (Pathfinder)[143]Rocket LabLow EarthFlight testIn orbitOperational
⚀ ANDESITE Mule + Node × 8[139]Boston UniversityLow EarthAuroral science
Technology demonstration		In orbitOperational
⚀ USA-301[144]NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
⚀ USA-302[144]NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
⚀ USA-303[144]NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
⚀ M2 PathfinderUNSW CanberraLow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
Launch of the ELaNa 32 mission,[136] plus additional payloads.[137] ANDESITE will conduct magnetospheric research using an experimental fractionated formation of eight picosatellites, to be deployed after reaching orbit.[138][139] Three NRO payloads were deployed as part of RASR-2.[140]
13 June
09:21:18[145]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L8 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Starlink × 58SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
SkySat 16–18[146]Planet LabsLow EarthEarth observationIn orbitOperational
First SmallSat Rideshare mission launch.
17 June
07:19[147][148]		 Long March 2D2D-Y52 Jiuquan SLS-2 CASC
Gaofen-9 03[131]CNSALow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
HEAD-5HEAD AerospaceLow Earth (SSO)AIS ship trackingIn orbitOperational
Pixing-3AZhejiang UniversityLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
23 June
01:43[150][151]		 Long March 3B/E3B-Y68 Xichang LC-2 CASC
BeiDou-3 G3Q[82]CNSAGeosynchronousNavigationIn orbitOperational
Last satellite of the BeiDou-3 constellation to be launched, completing the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.[149]
30 June
20:10:46[153][154]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-088 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
GPS IIIA-03 Matthew HensonU.S. Space ForceMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
Named after African-American polar explorer Matthew Henson. Originally named Columbus.[152]

July

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3 July
03:10[155][156]		 Long March 4B4B-Y43 Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
Gaofen DUOMO (Multi-Mode)CASTLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Xibaipo (BY70-2)Luquan No.1 Middle SchoolLow Earth (SSO)Popular scienceIn orbitOperational
4 July
21:19:36[158]		 Electron"Pics Or It Didn't Happen" Mahia LC-1A Rocket Lab
CE-SAT-IBCanon Inc.Low Earth (SSO)Earth observation4 JulyLaunch failure
⚀ Flock-4e × 5Planet LabsLow Earth (SSO)Earth observation4 JulyLaunch failure
⚀ Faraday-1In-Space MissionsLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstration4 JulyLaunch failure
Failed during second stage flight.[157]
4 July
23:44[159]		 Long March 2D2D-Y29[64] Jiuquan SLS-2 CASC
Shiyan 6-02CASTLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
6 July
01:00[160][161]		 Shavit-2 Palmachim Airbase IAI
Ofek-16Israel Ministry of DefenceLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
9 July
12:11:04[162][163]		 Long March 3B/E3B-Y64 Xichang LC-3 CASC
APStar 6DAPT Satellite Co.GeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
10 July
04:17[165][166]		 Kuaizhou 11 Jiuquan LS-95A ExPace
Bilibili Video Satellite (Jilin-1 Gaofen-02E)[167]Chang Guang Satellite TechnologyLow Earth (SSO)Earth observation10 JulyLaunch failure
CentiSpace-1 S2 (Xiangrikui 2)Beijing Future Navigation TechnologyLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstration10 JulyLaunch failure
First flight of Kuaizhou 11.[164] The rocket failed to reach space.
15 July
13:46[169]		 Minotaur IV / Orion 38 MARS LP-0B Northrop Grumman
USA-305NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
USA-306NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
USA-307NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
USA-308NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
NROL-129 mission.[168]
19 July
21:58:14[170][171]		 H-IIA 202[172]F42 Tanegashima LA-Y1 MHI
Hope (Al-Amal)Mohammed bin Rashid Space CentreTMI to AreocentricMars orbiterIn orbitOperational
Emirates Mars Mission; first Emirati space probe.
20 July
21:30[173]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-089 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
ANASIS-II[174]Republic of Korea ArmyGeosynchronousMilitary communicationsIn orbitOperational
South Korea's first dedicated military communications satellite.
23 July
04:41[175]		 Long March 5Y4[108] Wenchang LC-1 CASC
Tianwen-1CNSATMI to AreocentricMars orbiter and roverIn orbitOperational
Tianwen-1 Deployable CameraCNSATMI (Martian flyby)PhotographyIn orbitSuccessful
Drop Camera[176]CNSATMI to AreocentricMars lander / PhotographyIn orbitSuccessful
China's first independent Mars mission.
23 July
14:26:21[179]		 Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur Site 31/6 Roscosmos
Progress MS-15 / 76PRoscosmosLow Earth (ISS)ISS logistics9 February 2021
09:13[180]		Successful
It was initially planned for this Progress vehicle to deorbit the Pirs module to make way for the arrival of Nauka in early 2021. This was later delayed to a subsequent mission.[177][178]
25 July
03:13[181][182]		 Long March 4B4B-Y45 Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
Ziyuan III-03Ministry of Natural ResourcesLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Tianqi-10Guodian GaokeLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
Lobster Eye X-ray Explorer (NJU-HKU №1)[183][184]NJU / HKULow Earth (SSO)X-ray astronomyIn orbitOperational
30 July
11:50[186]		 Atlas V 541AV-088 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 ULA
PerseveranceNASA / JPLTMI to Martian surfaceMars rover18 February 2021
20:43:42[187]		Landed on Mars; Operational
IngenuityNASA / JPLTMI to Martian surfaceMars aircraftLanded on Mars
Mars 2020 mission.[185]
30 July
21:25:19[188]		 Proton-M / Briz-M P4 Baikonur Site 200/39 Roscosmos
Ekspress-80RSCCGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Ekspress-103RSCCGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational

August

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6 August
04:01:54[189][190]		 Long March 2D2D-Y56 Jiuquan SLS-2 CASC
Gaofen 9-04CNSALow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Q-SAT[191]Tsinghua UniversityLow Earth (SSO)Gravitational research
Atmospheric science		In orbitOperational
7 August
05:12:05[194]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L9 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
Starlink × 57SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
BlackSky 5 (Global-7)BlackSky GlobalLow EarthEarth observation23 October 2023[195]Successful
BlackSky 6 (Global-8)BlackSky GlobalLow EarthEarth observationIn orbitOperational
Starlink SmallSat Rideshare mission to deploy BlackSky Global 7 and 8;[192] first Starlink rideshare contracted with Spaceflight Industries, dubbed "SXRS-1".[193]
15 August
22:04[197]		 Ariane 5 ECAVA253 Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
BSAT-4bBSATGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Galaxy 30IntelsatGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
MEV-2Northrop GrummanGeosynchronousSatellite servicingIn orbitOperational
MEV-2 successfully docked with Intelsat 10-02 on 12 April 2021.[196]
18 August
14:31:16[198]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L10 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Starlink × 58SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
SkySat 19–21[199]Planet LabsLow EarthEarth observation18, 20: In orbit
19: 26 June 2023[200]		Operational
Starlink SmallSat Rideshare mission to deploy SkySat 19–21.
23 August
02:27:04[201][202]		 Long March 2D2D-Y57 Jiuquan SLS-2 CASC
Gaofen 9-05CNSALow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Tiantuo-5NUDTLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
Duo Gongneng Shiyan WeixingAMSLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
30 August
23:18:56[203]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-092 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
SAOCOM 1BCONAELow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ EG-2 (Tyvak-0172)[204][205]EchoStarLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitSpacecraft failure
⚀ GNOMES-1[206]PlanetIQLow Earth (SSO)Radio occultationIn orbitOperational
First polar orbit mission from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station since ESSA-9 in 1969. SmallSat Rideshare mission to deploy Tyvak-0172 and GNOMES-1.
31 August
03:05:47[207]		 Electron"I Can't Believe It's Not Optical" Mahia LC-1A Rocket Lab
Capella-2 (Sequoia)Capella SpaceLow EarthEarth observation28 February 2023[208]Successful
Photon (First Light)Rocket LabLow EarthFlight testIn orbitOperational[209]
Return-to-flight mission for Electron. Second launch of the Photon satellite bus.

September

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3 September
01:51:10[217][218]		 VegaVV16 Kourou ELV Arianespace
ION SCV-001 Lucas[210]D-OrbitLow Earth (SSO)CubeSat deployerIn orbitOperational[219]
AthenaFacebook[220]Low Earth (SSO)CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
ESAIL[210]exactEarthLow Earth (SSO)AIS ship trackingIn orbitOperational
GHGSat-C1 (Iris)[221][211]GHGSatLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
NEMO-HD[210][211]UTIAS / Space-SILow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
ÑuSat 6 (Hypatia)[222]SatellogicLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
UPM-Sat 2[210]UPMLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstration
Education		In orbitOperational
⚀ AMICal SAT[210]CSUG / MSULow Earth (SSO)Auroral scienceIn orbitOperational
⚀ DIDO-3[211]SpacePharma / ISA / ASILow Earth (SSO)Microgravity researchIn orbitOperational
⚀ Flock-4v × 26[223]Planet LabsLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ FSSCAT A and B[211][224]UPCLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ Lemur-2 × 8[210]Spire GlobalLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational (6/8)
⚀ OSM-1 Cicero[215][225]OSMLow Earth (SSO)Radio occultationIn orbitOperational
⚀ NAPA-1 (RTAFSAT-1)[211][226]RTAFLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ PICASSO[211]BIRA-IASBLow Earth (SSO)Atmospheric researchIn orbitOperational
⚀ SIMBA[211]RMILow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
⚀ SpaceBEE × 12[210]Swarm TechnologiesLow Earth (SSO)CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
⚀ TARS[210]Kepler CommunicationsLow Earth (SSO)CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
⚀ TRISAT[211]University of MariborLow Earth (SSO)EducationIn orbitOperational
⚀ TTÜ100[211]TalTechLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ EG-1 (Tyvak-0171)[210][204][205]EchoStarLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitPartial spacecraft failure; Operational
Small Satellites Mission Service Proof of Concept (SSMS PoC) mission.[210][211] Return to flight for Vega after the July 2019 launch failure. 53 satellites were deployed by the SSMS dispenser, including 14 Flock CubeSats carried on SSMS QuadPack deployers, while 12 additional Flock CubeSats were deployed separately by the ION SCV LUCAS satellite.[212][210][213] NEMO-HD and TRISAT are Slovenia's first satellites,[214] and OSM-1 Cicero is Monaco's first satellite.[215] Two of the Lemur-2 CubeSats failed to deploy, leading them to de-orbit along with the fourth stage of the Vega booster.[216]
3 September
12:46:14[227]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L11 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
4 September
07:30[228][229]		 Long March 2F/T2F-T3[64] Jiuquan SLS-1 CASC
Chongfu Shiyong Shiyan Hangtian Qi (Reusable Experimental Spacecraft)CASCLow EarthFlight test6 September
02:00[230]		Successful
Unidentified satellite[231]CASCLow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
Chinese experimental reusable spaceplane.
7 September
05:57[232][233]		 Long March 4B4B-Y46 Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
Gaofen 11-02CNSALow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
12 September
03:19[236][237]		 Rocket 3Rocket 3.1 Kodiak LP-3B Astra
Astra Test PayloadAstraLow EarthFlight test12 SeptemberLaunch failure
First flight of Rocket 3. Failed during first stage flight. Originally intended to be the second of two launches for the DARPA Launch Challenge, Rocket 3.1's launch was Astra's first orbital launch attempt following the loss of Rocket 3.0 during a prelaunch test in March 2020.[234][235]
12 September
05:02[238][239]		 Kuaizhou 1AY3[111] Jiuquan LS-95A ExPace
Jilin-1 Gaofen-02CChang Guang Satellite TechnologyLow Earth (SSO)Earth observation12 SeptemberLaunch failure
15 September
01:23[240]		 Long March 11HY2 De Bo 3 Launch Platform, Yellow Sea CASC
Jilin-1 Gaofen-03B × 6Chang Guang Satellite TechnologyLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Jilin-1 Gaofen-03C × 3Chang Guang Satellite TechnologyLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Second Long March 11 sea launch.
21 September
05:40[241][242]		 Long March 4B4B-Y41 Jiuquan SLS-2 CASC
HaiYang 2CMinistry of Natural ResourcesLow EarthEarth observationIn orbitOperational
27 September
03:23[243]		 Long March 4B4B-Y42 Taiyuan LC-9 CASC
Huanjing 2ACNSALow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Huanjing 2BCNSALow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
28 September
11:20[244]		 Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Plesetsk Site 43/4 Roscosmos
Gonets-M 17[245]Gonets Satellite SystemLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Gonets-M 18[245]Gonets Satellite SystemLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Gonets-M 19[245]Gonets Satellite SystemLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
ICEYE X6[246]ICEYELow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
ICEYE X7[246]ICEYELow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
SALSAT[246][247]TU BerlinLow Earth (SSO)Spectrum analysisIn orbitOperational
⚀ Kepler × 2[248]KeplerLow Earth (SSO)CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
⚀ LacunaSat-3[246][249]NanoAvionics / Lacuna SpaceLow Earth (SSO)IoTIn orbitOperational
⚀ Lemur-2 × 4[246]Spire GlobalLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ MeznSat[246][250]Khalifa University / AURAKLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ NetSat × 4[246][251]ZFTLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
⚀ Descartes[252]MSULow Earth (SSO)Space weatherIn orbitOperational
⚀ Norby[252]NSULow Earth (SSO)Space weatherIn orbitOperational
⚀ Yarilo × 2[246][253]BMSTU / Lebedev Physical InstituteLow Earth (SSO)HeliophysicsIn orbitOperational

October

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3 October
01:16:14[255]		 Antares 230+ MARS LP-0A Northrop Grumman
Cygnus NG-14
S.S. Kalpana Chawla[256]		NASALow Earth (ISS)ISS logistics26 January 2021
20:23		Successful[257]
⚀ Bobcat-1Ohio UniversityLow EarthTechnology demonstration9 April 2022[258]Successful
⚀ DESCENTYork UniversityLow EarthTechnology demonstration19 June 2022[259]Successful
⚀ Lemur-2 Baxter-OliverSpire GlobalLow EarthEarth observation20 December 2021[260]Successful
⚀ Lemur-2 Djara[261]Spire Global / ONILow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
⚀ NEUTRON-1University of HawaiiLow EarthTechnology demonstration25 June 2022[262]Successful
⚀ SATLLA-1[263]Ariel UniversityLow EarthEducationIn orbitOperational
⚀ SPOCUniversity of GeorgiaLow EarthTechnology demonstration25 June 2022[264]Successful
The ELaNa 31 mission launched on this resupply flight.[136] All CubeSats launched on this mission were successfully deployed on 5 November 2020.[254]
6 October
11:29:34[265]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L12 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
11 October
16:57[266][267]		 Long March 3B/E3B-Y63[268] Xichang LC-2 CASC
Gaofen-13SASTINDGeosynchronousEarth observationIn orbitOperational
14 October
05:45:04[21][269]		 Soyuz-2.1a Baikonur Site 31 Roscosmos
Soyuz MS-17RoscosmosLow Earth (ISS)Expedition 63/6417 April 2021
04:55[270]		Successful
18 October
12:25:57[271]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L13 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
24 October
15:31:34[272]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L14 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 October
19:08:42[274][275]		 Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Plesetsk Site 43/3 RVSN RF
GLONASS-K 15 (K1 №3)[276]VKSMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
Also known as GLONASS-K 705. Replaced Kosmos 2516 (GLONASS-M 753) following its failure in November 2020.[273]
26 October
15:19[277]		 Long March 2C2C-Y43 Xichang LC-3 CASC
Yaogan 30-07 01CASLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
Yaogan 30-07 02CASLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
Yaogan 30-07 03CASLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
Tianqi-6Guodian GaokeLow EarthIoTIn orbitOperational
28 October
21:21:27[278][279]		 Electron"In Focus" Mahia LC-1A Rocket Lab
CE-SAT-IIBCanon Inc.Low Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ Flock-4e' × 9Planet LabsLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational

November

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5 November
23:24:23[280]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-097 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
GPS IIIA-04 Sacagawea (USA-309)U.S. Space ForceMedium EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
Named after the Shoshone woman Sacagawea, who helped guide the Lewis and Clark Expedition.[152]
6 November
03:19[281][282]		 Long March 6Y3 Taiyuan LC-16 CASC
ÑuSat × 10SatellogicLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Taiyuan (BY-03)[283]Jinshan Middle School / Origin SpaceLow Earth (SSO)Education / Ultraviolet astronomyIn orbitOperational
Tianyan 05 (UESTC)[283]ADASpace / MinoSpaceLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ Beihangkongshi-1[284]SpacetyLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
ÑuSat 9–18.[222] Beihangkongshi-1 carries the first iodine electric space propulsion system to be tested in space.
7 November
07:12[285][286]		 Ceres-1 Jiuquan LS-95A Galactic Energy
Tianqi-11 (Scorpio-1)Guodian GaokeLow Earth (SSO)IoTIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Ceres-1. Mission designated "I Believe I Can Fly".
7 November
09:41[287][288]		 PSLV-DLC49 Satish Dhawan FLP ISRO
EOS-01 (RISAT-2BR2)[289]ISROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
⚀ KSM × 4[290]Kleos SpaceLow EarthNavigationIn orbitOperational
⚀ Lemur-2 × 4Spire GlobalLow EarthEarth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ R2 (LacunaSat-2)[291]NanoAvionicsLow EarthTechnology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
12 November
15:59:04[292][293]		 Long March 3B/E3B-Y73 Xichang LC-2 CASC
Tiantong-1 02China SatcomGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
13 November
22:32[294]		 Atlas V 531AV-090[46] Cape Canaveral SLC-41 ULA
NROL-101 (USA-310)NROMolniyaReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
The first GEM 63 solid rocket motors flew on this mission. May be an SDS satellite.
16 November
00:27:17[296]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-098 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
SpaceX Crew-1 ResilienceSpaceX / NASALow Earth (ISS)Expedition 64/652 May 2021
06:56		Successful
Carrying four astronauts. Second crewed and first operational Crew Dragon mission, as part of the Commercial Crew Program.[295]
17 November
01:52:20[298]		 VegaVV17[299] Kourou ELV Arianespace
SEOSat-IngenioESA / CDTI / INTALow Earth (SSO)Earth observation17 NovemberLaunch failure
TARANISCNESLow Earth (SSO)TLE observation17 NovemberLaunch failure
Mission failure due to human error. Cables leading to thrust vector control actuators were inverted during engine assembly, causing the AVUM upper stage to tumble upon ignition.[297]
20 November
02:20:01[304]		 Electron"Return to Sender" Mahia LC-1A Rocket Lab
⚀ Alchemy (DragRacer A)TriSeptLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstration19 July 2021Successful
⚀ Augury (DragRacer B)TriSeptLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
⚀ BRO-2UnseenLabsLow Earth (SSO)SIGINTIn orbitOperational
⚀ BRO-3UnseenLabsLow Earth (SSO)SIGINTIn orbitOperational
⚀ APSS-1 (Waka Āmiorangi Aotearoa)University of AucklandLow Earth (SSO)Ionospheric researchIn orbitSpacecraft failure[305]
⚀ Landmapper-BC 5[306]Astro DigitalLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
⚀ SpaceBEE × 18Swarm TechnologiesLow Earth (SSO)CommunicationsFirst: 22 October 2022
Last: 14 December 2022[307]		Successful
⚀ SpaceBEE NZ × 6Swarm Technologies NZLow Earth (SSO)CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Gnome Chompski[308]Gabe NewellLow EarthCharity / Mass simulatorIn orbitOperational
The DragRacer mission tested Tethers Unlimited's Terminator Tape, an electrodynamic tether that can passively de-orbit satellites in order to reduce space debris.[300][301] Alchemy, the tethered satellite, was expected to take 45 days to de-orbit; Augury, the untethered satellite, was expected to take up to 9 years.[302] Alchemy re-entered the atmosphere on 19 July 2021, after 241 days in orbit.[303] First stage recovery using parachutes was successfully attempted on this flight, with the intact booster splashing down in the Pacific Ocean.
21 November
17:17:08[309]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-099 Vandenberg SLC-4E SpaceX
Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich (Sentinel-6A)NASA / NOAA / ESA / EumetsatLow EarthOceanographyIn orbitOperational
23 November
20:30:12[311]		 Long March 5Y5[108] Wenchang LC-1 CASC
Chang'e 5 landerCNSASelenocentricLunar lander1 December
15:11		Successful
Chang'e 5 ascenderCNSASelenocentricSpace rendezvous7 December
23:30		Successful
Chang'e 5 orbiterCNSAInitial: Selenocentric
Current: Sun–Earth L1		Lunar orbiterIn orbitOperational
Chang'e 5 return capsuleCNSASelenocentricLunar sample return16 December
17:59		Successful
China's first lunar sample return mission. Lunar landing was confirmed on 1 December. The reentry capsule landed on Earth on 16 December and safely delivered 1.731 kg (3.82 lb) of lunar soil and rock samples. The orbiter is currently on an extended mission to the Sun–Earth L1 point.[310]
25 November
02:13:12[312]		 Falcon 9 Block 5Starlink V1.0-L15 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
Starlink × 60SpaceXLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
First time that a Falcon 9 first-stage booster (B1049.7) has been launched and recovered for the seventh time.
29 November
07:25[313][314]		 H-IIA 202F43 Tanegashima LA-Y1 MHI
JDRS-1 (LUCAS)[315]CAS / JAXAGeosynchronousData relayIn orbitOperational
Japanese Optical Data Relay Satellite.

December

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2 December
01:33:28[316]		 Soyuz ST-A / Fregat-MVS24 Kourou ELS Arianespace
FalconEye-2UAE Armed ForcesLow Earth (SSO)Reconnaissance (IMINT)In orbitOperational
3 December
01:14:36[317][318]		 Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat Plesetsk Site 43/3 Roscosmos
Gonets-M 20[245]Gonets Satellite SystemLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Gonets-M 21[245]Gonets Satellite SystemLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Gonets-M 22[245]Gonets Satellite SystemLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
ERA-1 (Kosmos 2548)[319]Ministry of DefenceLow EarthMilitaryIn orbitOperational
6 December
03:58[320][321]		 Long March 3B/E3B-Y70 Xichang LC-3 CASC
Gaofen 14SASTINDLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
First Long March 3B launch to Sun-synchronous orbit.
6 December
16:17:08[322]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-101 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
SpaceX CRS-21NASALow Earth (ISS)ISS logistics14 January 2021Successful
Nanoracks Bishop AirlockNanoracks / NASALow Earth (ISS)Satellite deployment / ISS assemblyIn orbitOperational
First flight of the cargo version of Dragon 2. Nanoracks Bishop Airlock launched aboard this resupply flight.
The airlock is now docked to the ISS as of 12/22/20.
9 December
20:14[323][324]		 Long March 11Y9[124] Xichang LC-4 CASC
GECAM A and B[325]CASLow EarthGravitational-wave astronomyIn orbitOperational
11 December
01:09[326]		 Delta IV HeavyD-385 Cape Canaveral SLC-37B ULA
Orion 10 / USA-311[327]NROGeosynchronousReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
NROL-44 mission. First launch from the newly renamed Cape Canaveral Space Force Station.
13 December
17:30[329]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-102 Cape Canaveral SLC-40 SpaceX
SXM-7[330]Sirius XMGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitSpacecraft failure
Replacement for the XM-3 satellite launched in 2005. While conducting in-orbit testing the satellite experienced payload unit failures. Exact cause has not been announced.[328]
14 December
05:50:00[331][332]		 Angara A5 / Briz-M Plesetsk Site 35/1 RVSN RF
IPM 2 (dummy payload)[333]VKSGeosynchronousFlight testIn orbitSuccessful
Second orbital flight of Angara A5.
15 December
10:09:27[21][334]		 Electron"The Owl's Night Begins" Mahia LC-1A Rocket Lab
StriX-αSynspectiveLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
15 December
20:55[336][337]		 Rocket 3Rocket 3.2 Kodiak LP-3B Astra
No payloadAstraLow Earth (SSO)Flight test15 DecemberLaunch failure
Second of three Rocket 3 orbital launch attempts. Successfully achieved an apogee of 390 km (240 mi), but fell just short of orbital velocity due to a suboptimal second stage fuel mixture.[335]
17 December
10:11[339]		 PSLV-XLC50[340] Satish Dhawan SLP ISRO
CMS-01 (GSAT-12R)ISROGeosynchronousCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Replacement for GSAT-12.[338]
18 December
12:26:26[342]		 Soyuz-2.1b / FregatST29 Vostochny Site 1S Arianespace / Starsem
OneWeb × 36OneWebLow EarthCommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Vostochny flight 1. Third large batch of satellites, and the first after bankruptcy in early 2020.[341]
19 December
14:00[345]		 Falcon 9 Block 5F9-103 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
USA-312NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
USA-313NROLow EarthReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
NROL-108 mission, satellites being possibly SpaceX Starshield prototypes.[343][344]
22 December
04:37:37[346][347][348]		 Long March 8Y1 Wenchang LC-2[349] CASC
Xinjishu Yanzheng-7 (XJY-7)CASTLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
Hisea-1[350]SpacetyLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Tianqi-8 (Ping'an-1)Guodian GaokeLow Earth (SSO)IoTIn orbitOperational
⚀ YuanguangSpacety / HBUTLow Earth (SSO)Space tribologyIn orbitOperational
⚀ ET-SMART-RSS (Zhixing-1A)[351]ESSTI / SMARTLow Earth (SSO)Earth observationIn orbitOperational
First flight of Long March 8.
27 December
15:44[352]		 Long March 4C4C-Y35 Jiuquan SLS-2 CASC
Yaogan 33(R)CASLow Earth (SSO)ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
⚀ Weina-2SECMLow Earth (SSO)Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
Replacement for Yaogan 33, which was lost in a launch failure on 22 May 2019.
29 December
16:42:07[353][354]		 Soyuz ST-A / Fregat-MVS25 Kourou ELS Arianespace
CSO-2CNES / DGALow Earth (SSO)ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational

Suborbital flights

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Date and time (UTC)RocketFlight numberLaunch siteLSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)		OperatorOrbitFunctionDecay (UTC)Outcome
Remarks
9 January
08:00:00		 S-31045 Uchinoura JAXA
JAXASuborbitalTechnology9 JanuarySuccessful
Apogee: 131 km[355]
19 January K-4 Visakhapatnam Indian Navy
Indian NavySuborbitalMissile test19 JanuarySuccessful
Apogee: 500 km? The missile was from a submerged platform located in the coastal waters of Andhra Pradesh. This test was undertaken in full operational configuration during which the missile traversed a distance of over 3,500 km in approximately 21 minutes.[356]
19 January
15:30[361]		 Falcon 9 Block 5 Kennedy LC-39A SpaceX
SpaceX Dragon 2SpaceXSuborbitalTest flight19 JanuarySuccessful
Apogee: 40 km.[357] In-flight abort test at Max Q. It was planned that the capsule from the first demonstration mission SpX-DM1 would be used, but that capsule having been subsequently destroyed after the mission in a fire during a ground-test, a new capsule was assigned for this mission.[358][359][360]
24 January[362] K-4 Visakhapatnam Indian Navy
Indian NavySuborbitalMissile test24 JanuarySuccessful
Apogee: 500 km?
27 January
13:40[363]		 Black Brant IX Poker Flat Research Range NASA
PolarNOx 2Virginia TechSuborbitalThermosphere research27 JanuarySuccessful
Apogee: 260 kilometres (160 mi)
5 February
08:33[364]		 Minuteman-III Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-04 US Air Force
FTU-2US Air ForceSuborbitalTest flight5 FebruarySuccessful
12 February[365] UGM-133 Trident II USS Maine (SSBN-741), Pacific Missile Range Facility US Navy
US NavySuborbitalMissile test12 FebruarySuccessful
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation (DASO) 30
16 February[366] UGM-133 Trident II USS Maine (SSBN-741), Pacific Missile Range Facility US Navy
US NavySuborbitalMissile test16 FebruarySuccessful
Demonstration and Shakedown Operation (DASO) 30
19 February[367]
23:14		 Improved Malemute Esrange SSC
SPIDER-2SNSASuborbitalAtmospheric analysis19 FebruarySuccessful
Apogee 120 km (74 mi)
20 March
08:30		 UGM-27 Polaris (STARS) Barking Sands LC-42 US Navy
C-HGBUS NavySuborbitalTechnology20 MarchSuccessful
Common-Hypersonic Glide Body, successful hypersonic glide vehicle test.[368]
15 April
15:00 [369]		 PL-19 "Nudol" Plesetsk cosmodrome
SuborbitalMissile test15 AprilSuccessful
Anti-satellite missile test
12 June[370] M51 Le Téméraire, Audierne Bay DGA/Marine nationale
DGA/Marine nationaleSuborbitalTest flight12 JuneSuccessful
Apogee: 1,000 kilometres (620 mi)?
14 June[371] Momo 5 Taiki Aerospace Research Field Interstellar Technologies
Kochi University of TechnologySuborbital?14 JuneLaunch failure[371]
About 35 seconds into flight, sparks were observed near the engine nozzle. About thirty seconds later, the engine failed and the rocket tumbled out of control.
4 August
07:21[372]		 Minuteman-III Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-10 US Air Force
3x Mk 12 RVUS Air ForceSuborbitalTest flight4 AugustSuccessful
Mission GT-235GM
12 August[373] Silver Sparrow? F-15 Eagle, Israel IAF
Israeli Air ForceSuborbitalABM target12 AugustSuccessful
Apogee: ~100 kilometres (62 mi)?, AST-18a target, successfully intercepted by Arrow 2
16 August [375] Skylark MicroLaunch I Langanes Peninsula Launch Site Skyrora
SkyroraSuborbitalTest flight16 AugustSuccessful
Maiden flight of Skylark Micro. Apogee: 26,86 km.[374]
2 September
07:03[376]		 Minuteman-III Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-04 US Air Force
1x RVUS Air ForceSuborbitalTest flight2 SeptemberSuccessful
Mission GT-233GM
8 September
18:00[377]		 Black Brant IX White Sands Missile Range NASA
DUST-2NASA / JAXASuborbitalFormation and growth of small particles8 SeptemberSuccessful
Apogee: 346 kilometres (215 mi)
19 September
00:39		 T-Minus Engineering DartTED-1 Koonibba Test Range T-Minus Engineering
DEWC-SP1DEWC SystemsSuborbitalMiniaturized Orbital Electronic Warfare Sensor System19 SeptemberSuccessful
First flight of the T-minus Dart. First Dutch space launch
19 September
02:19		 T-Minus Engineering DartTED-2 Koonibba Test Range T-Minus Engineering
DEWC-SP2DEWC SystemsSuborbitalMiniaturized Orbital Electronic Warfare Sensor System19 SeptemberSuccessful
Flew 1 hour and 40 minutes after the previous flight.
13 October
13:36[378]		 New ShepardNS-13 Corn Ranch Blue Origin
Crew Capsule 2.0Blue OriginSuborbitalTest flight/Payload delivery13 OctoberSuccessful
Postcards[379]Club For The FutureSuborbitalEducation13 OctoberSuccessful
7th flight of the same capsule and booster. Onboard payloads include Space Lab Technologies, Southwest Research Institute, seeds and postcards for Club for the Future, and multiple payloads for NASA including SPLICE to test future lunar landing technologies in support of the Artemis program. A Sealandic postcard was the first payload from Sealand to be sent into space.
29 October
19:27 [380]		 Minuteman-III Vandenberg Air Force Base LF-09 US Air Force
1x RVUS Air ForceSuborbitalTest flight29 OctoberSuccessful
Mission GT-236GM
29 October[381] SR-0 Sinop Roketsan
RoketsanSuborbitalTest flight29 OctoberSuccessful
Apogee 136 kilometers (84.5 mi).
2 November
10:20[382]		 Black Brant IX White Sands Missile Range NASA
DEUCENASASuborbitalAstronomy2 NovemberSuccessful
Apogee: 285 kilometres (177 mi)
17 November
05:50[383][384]		 ICBM-T2FTM-44 Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site US Missile Defense Agency
SM-3 target SuborbitalTarget for SM-3 FMT-4417 NovemberSuccessful
ICBM target for and intercepted by SM-3 FMT-44.
17 November
[383][384]		 SM-3 Block IIAFTM-44 USS John Finn US Missile Defense Agency/U.S. Navy
Kill vehicle U.S. NavySuborbitalICBM interceptor17 NovemberSuccessful
Intercepted ICBM-T2 in space.
9 December
[385][386]		 R-29RMU Karelia (submarine), Barents Sea Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RV?SuborbitalMissile test9 DecemberSuccessful
9 December
[385][387]		 RS-24 Yars Plesetsk cosmodrome Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RV?SuborbitalMissile test9 DecemberSuccessful
12 December
16:15 [389]		 SpaceShipTwo19 Spaceport America Virgin Galactic
VSS UnityVirgin GalacticSuborbitalCrewed spaceflight12 DecemberAborted
First attempted crewed spaceflight from New Mexico. One second after ignition, the spacecraft's engine aborted, and shut down. The two crewmembers aboard, David Mackay and Frederick Sturckow, piloted the spacecraft to a safe landing.[388]
12 December[390] RSM-56 Bulava K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RVRussian Ministry of DefenseSuborbitalMissile test12 DecemberSuccessful
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles.
12 December RSM-56 Bulava K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RVRussian Ministry of DefenseSuborbitalMissile test12 DecemberSuccessful
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles.
12 December RSM-56 Bulava K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RVRussian Ministry of DefenseSuborbitalMissile test12 DecemberSuccessful
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles.
12 December RSM-56 Bulava K-551 Vladimir Monomakh (submarine), Sea of Okhotsk Russian Ministry of Defense
1x RVRussian Ministry of DefenseSuborbitalMissile test12 DecemberSuccessful
Rapid launch of four intercontinental ballistic missiles.
16 December
[391]		 PL-19 "Nudol" Plesetsk cosmodrome
SuborbitalMissile test16 DecemberSuccessful
Anti-satellite missile test

Launches from the Moon

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-
Date and time (UTC)RocketFlight numberLaunch siteLSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)		OperatorOrbitFunctionDecay (UTC)Outcome
Remarks
3 December
15:10 [392][393]		 Chang'e 5 ascent vehicleChang'e 5 descent stage, Mons RümkerCNSA
Lunar soil sample container CNSASelenocentric orbitSample return7 December 2020Successful
Sample return mission. First flight of the Chang'e ascent stage. Rendezvoused and docked with the Chang'e 5 Earth return vehicle to transfer lunar soil samples for return to Earth.

Deep-space rendezvous

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Date (UTC)SpacecraftEventRemarks
29 January[394]Parker Solar Probe4th perihelion
17 February[395]Juno25th perijove of Jupiter
10 April[395]Juno26th perijove
10 April 04:25[396]BepiColomboGravity assist at Earth
2 June[395]Juno27th perijove
7 June[397]Parker Solar Probe5th perihelion
11 July[398]Parker Solar ProbeThird gravity assist at Venus
25 July[395]Juno28th perijove
16 September[395]Juno29th perijove
27 September[399]Parker Solar Probe6th perihelion
16 October 03:58[400]BepiColomboFirst gravity assist at Venus
20 October[401]OSIRIS-RExTouch-and-go maneuver on Bennu for sampling
8 November[395]Juno30th perijove
28 NovemberChang'e 5Lunar orbital insertion [402]
1 December[403]Chang'e 5 lander and ascent vehicleLunar landingSample return mission successfully landed in Mons Rümker region of Oceanus Procellarum, coordinates 43°03′27″N 51°54′58″E / 43.0576°N 51.9161°E / 43.0576; 51.9161.
5 December[404]Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle and orbiterLunar orbit rendezvousFirst-ever robotic rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit
5 December [405]Hayabusa2Sample return to Earth
7 December[406]Chang'e 5 ascent vehicleLunar impactIntentional de-orbit following docking and transfer of samples to orbiter and reentry capsule
13 December[406]Chang'e 5 orbiter and reentry capsuleTrans-Earth injection
16 December[406]Chang'e 5 reentry capsuleLunar sample returnPerform a skip reentry to reduce the heating loads
26 DecemberSolar OrbiterFirst gravity assist at Venus [407]
30 December[395]Juno31st perijove

Extravehicular activities (EVAs)

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Start Date/TimeDurationEnd TimeSpacecraftCrewRemarks
15 January 18:047 hours 29 minutes01:33 Expedition 61

ISS Quest

 Christina Koch

Jessica Meir

During the 7-hour, 29-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts successfully replaced nickel-hydrogen batteries with newer, more powerful lithium-ion batteries for the power channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays.[408]

20 January 17:336 hours 58 minutes00:31Expedition 61

ISS Quest

 Christina Koch

Jessica Meir

During the six hour and 58-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts successfully completed the battery upgrade for one channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays.

Work included removing the last two nickel-hydrogen batteries from this area of the station's backbone near the port solar array and moving them to an external platform. The batteries will be stored there until they can be disposed of in the next Japanese HTV cargo spacecraft after it delivers tons of supplies to the space station later this year. Meir and Koch also installed the sixth and final new lithium-ion battery, and ground controllers verified the new batteries powered up successfully to provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for station operations.[409]

25 January 11:046 hours 16 minutes17:20Expedition 61

ISS Quest

 Andrew Morgan

Luca Parmitano

During the 6 hour, 16 minute spacewalk, the two astronauts successfully completed leak checks for the cooling system on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) and opened a valve to being pressurizing the system. Preliminary testing shows AMS is responding as expected.[410]

26 June 11:026 hours 7 minutes17:39Expedition 63

ISS Quest

 Chris Cassidy

Robert Behnken

The spacewalkers removed five of six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for one of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed two of three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed two of three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries. Mission control reports that the two new batteries are working.
The two NASA astronauts completed all the work planned for this first of four spacewalks to replace batteries that provide power for the station's solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex as well as initial tasks originally planned for the second scheduled spacewalk next Wednesday. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations.[411]
1 July 11:136 hours 1 minutes17:14Expedition 63

ISS Quest

 Chris Cassidy

Robert Behnken

During the six hour and one-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts completed half the work to upgrade the batteries that provide power for one channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations.

They successfully moved and connected one new, powerful lithium-ion battery and its adapter place to complete the circuit to the new battery and relocated one aging nickel-hydrogen battery to an external platform for future disposal.[412]

16 July 11:106 hours17:10Expedition 63

ISS Quest

 Chris Cassidy

Robert Behnken

The two NASA astronauts completed all the work to replace batteries that provide power for the International Space Station's solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations.

The spacewalkers removed six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for the second of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed the three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries.[413]

21 July 11:125 hours 29 minutes16:41Expedition 63

ISS Quest

 Chris Cassidy

Robert Behnken

The two NASA astronauts installed a protective storage unit that includes two Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) units the Canadian Space Agency's Dextre robot can use to detect leaks of ammonia, which is used to operate the station's cooling system. They removed two lifting fixtures at the base of station solar arrays on the near port truss, or backbone, of the station. The "H-fixtures" were used for ground processing of the solar arrays prior to their launch.

They then completed tasks to prepare the outside of the Tranquility module for the arrival later this year of the Nanoracks commercial airlock on a SpaceX cargo delivery mission. They also routed Ethernet cables and removed a lens filter cover from an external camera.[414]

18 November 15:126 hours 48 minutes22:00Expedition 64

Poisk Airlock

 Sergey Ryzhikov

Sergey Kud-Sverchkov

Spacewalk was conducted using Poisk Module airlock for the first time in 11 years.

This spacewalk includes works in preparation of Pirs module decommissioning and departure: relocated antenna and repositioned instruments Replacement of fluid flow regulator was not done as astronauts were unable to open new module compartment, this task was deferred to a future spacewalk.[415]

Orbital launch statistics

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See also: Timeline of spaceflight

By country

edit

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket. Launches from the Moon are not included in the statistics.

China: 39Europe: 5India: 2Iran: 2Israel: 1Japan: 4North Korea: 0Russia: 17Ukraine: 0USA: 44
CountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial
failures		Remarks
 China393540
 Europe5410
 India2200
 Iran2110
 Israel1100
 Japan4400
 Russia171700Includes two European Soyuz launches from Kourou, French Guiana by Arianespace.
 United States444040Includes seven Electron launches from Mahia
World114104100

By rocket

edit

By family

edit

By type

edit

By configuration

edit

By spaceport

edit
10
20
30
40
China
France
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
New Zealand
Russia
United States
SiteCountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial failuresRemarks
Baikonur  Kazakhstan7700
Cape Canaveral  United States202000
Jiuquan  China131120
Kennedy  United States101000
Kourou  France7610
Mahia  New Zealand7610
MARS  United States3300
Mojave  United States1010
PSCA  United States2020
Palmachim  Israel1100
Plesetsk  Russia7700
Satish Dhawan  India2200
Shahroud  Iran1100First orbital launch
Semnan  Iran1010
Taiyuan  China7700
Tanegashima  Japan4400
Vandenberg  United States1100
Vostochny  Russia1100
Wenchang  China5410
Xichang  China131210
Yellow Sea  China1100
Total114104100

By orbit

edit
  •   Low Earth
  •   Low Earth (ISS)
  •   Low Earth (SSO)
  •   Low Earth (retrograde)
  •   Medium Earth
  •   Molniya
  •   Geosychronous
  •   Lunar transfer
  •   Heliocentric
  •  
Orbital regimeLaunchesAchievedNot achievedAccidentally
achieved		Remarks
Transatmospheric0000
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous827480Including flights to the ISS
Geosynchronous / GTO191720
Medium Earth / Molniya8800
High Earth / Lunar transfer1100
Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer4400
Total114104100

Suborbital launch statistics

edit

By country

edit

For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80 km (50 mi) are omitted.

Canada: 3France: 1India: 2Israel: 1Japan: 2The Netherlands: 2Russia: 8Turkey: 1USA: 11
CountryLaunchesSuccessesFailuresPartial
failures		Remarks
 Canada3300
 France1100
 India2200
 Israel1100
 Japan2110
 Netherlands2200Includes T-Minus Dart launches from Australia
 Russia8800
 Turkey1100
 United States111100
World313010

First successful orbital launch

edit

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Clockwise from top:

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