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List of presidents of the Indian National Congress

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The president of the Indian National Congress is the chief executive of the Indian National Congress (INC), one of the principal political parties in India.[1] Constitutionally, the president is elected by an electoral college composed of members drawn from the Pradesh Congress Committees and members of the All India Congress Committee (AICC).[2] In the event of any emergency because of any cause such as the death or resignation of the president elected as above, the most senior general secretary discharges the routine functions of the president until the Working Committee appoints a provisional president pending the election of a regular president by the AICC.[2] The president of the party has effectively been the party's national leader, head of the party's organisation, head of the Working Committee, the chief spokesman, and all chief Congress committees.[3]

President of the Indian National Congress
Incumbent
Mallikarjun Kharge
since 26 October 2022 (2022-10-26)
Residence24 Akbar Road, New Delhi
AppointerCommittee consisting of members of the Indian National Congress from the National and State Committees
Term lengthno term limit
Constituting instrumentConstitution of the Indian National Congress[1]
PrecursorSonia Gandhi
Formation28 December 1885 (1885-12-28)
First holderWomesh Chandra Bonnerjee (1885–1886)
WebsiteOfficial website

After the party's foundation in December 1885, Wyomesh Chandra Banerjee became its first president. From 1885 to 1933, the presidency had a term of one year only. From 1933 onwards, there was no such fixed term for the president.[4] During Jawaharlal Nehru's premiership, he rarely held the Presidency of INC, even though he was always head of the Parliamentary Party. Despite being a party with a structure, Congress under Indira Gandhi did not hold any organisational elections after 1978.[5] In 1978, Gandhi split from the INC and formed a new opposition party, popularly called Congress (I), which the national election commission declared to be the real Indian National Congress for the 1980 general election.[6][7][8] Gandhi institutionalised the practice of having the same person as the Congress president and the prime minister of India after the formation of Congress (I).[9] Her successors Rajiv Gandhi and P. V. Narasimha Rao also continued that practice. Nonetheless, in 2004, when the Congress was voted back into power, Manmohan Singh became the first and only prime minister not to be the president of the party since establishment of the practice of the president holding both positions.[10]

A total of 61 people have served as the president of the Indian National Congress since its formation.[11] Sonia Gandhi is the longest serving president of the party, having held the office for over twenty years from 1998 to 2017 and from 2019 to 2022. The latest election of president was held on 17 October 2022,[12] in which Mallikarjun Kharge became the new president defeating Shashi Tharoor in the 2022 Indian National Congress presidential election.[13]

List of party presidents

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The founding years (1885–1900)

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List of presidents during 1885–1900
No.Year(s) of presidencyLeaderPortraitPlace of conferenceReference(s)[14]
1December 1885Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee Bombay[15]
[16]
[17]
2December 1886Dadabhai Naoroji Calcutta[18]
3December 1887Badruddin Tyabji Madras[19]
[20]
4December 1888George Yule Allahabad[21]
5December 1889William Wedderburn Bombay[22]
6December 1890Pherozeshah Mehta Calcutta[22]
7December 1891Panapakkam Anandacharlu Nagpur[23]
8December 1892Womesh Chandra Banerjee Allahabad[15]
[16]
[17]
9December 1893Dadabhai Naoroji Lahore[18]
10December 1894Alfred Webb Madras[22]
11December 1895Surendranath Banerjee Poona[22]
12December 1896Rahimtulla M. Sayani Calcutta[22]
13December 1897C. Sankaran Nair Amaravati[24]
14December 1898Anandamohan Bose Madras[24]
15December 1899Romesh Chunder Dutt Lucknow[24]
16December 1900N. G. Chandavarkar Lahore[24]

The pre-independence era (1901–1947)

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List of presidents during 1901–1947
No.Year(s) of presidencyNamePortraitPlace of conferenceReference(s)[14]
17December 1901Dinshaw Edulji Wacha Calcutta[25]
18December 1902Surendranath Banerjee Ahmedabad[22]
19December 1903Lalmohan GhoshMadras[23]
20December 1904Henry John Stedman Cotton Bombay[26]
21December 1905Gopal Krishna Gokhale Benares[23]
22December 1906Dadabhai Naoroji Calcutta[18]
23December 1907Rashbihari Ghosh Surat[23]
24December 1908Madras[23]
25December 1909Madan Mohan Malaviya Lahore[23]
26December 1910William Wedderburn Allahabad[22]
27December 1911Bishan Narayan DarCalcutta[23]
28December 1912Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar Bankipore[23]
29December 1913Nawab Syed Muhammad BahadurKarachi[23]
30April 1914Bhupendra Nath Bose Madras[23]
31December 1915Satyendra Prasanno Sinha Bombay[24]
32December 1916Ambica Charan Mazumdar Lucknow[24]
33December 1917Annie Besant Calcutta[24]
34August 1918Syed Hasan Imam Bombay (special session)[24]
35December 1918Madan Mohan Malaviya Delhi[23]
36December 1919Motilal Nehru Amritsar[24]
371920Lala Lajpat Rai Calcutta (Special Session)[24]
38December 1920C. Vijayaraghavachariar Nagpur[27]
39December 1921Hakim Ajmal Khan Ahmedabad[27]
40December 1922Chittaranjan Das Gaya[27]
411923Mohammad Ali Jauhar Kakinada[27]
42September 1923Abul Kalam Azad Delhi (Special Session)[27]
43December 1924Mahatma Gandhi Belgaum[28]
44April 1925Sarojini Naidu Kanpur[27]
45December 1926S. Srinivasa Iyengar Guwahati[27]
46December 1927Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari Madras[27]
471928Motilal Nehru Calcutta[24]
481929Jawaharlal Nehru Lahore[27]
491930Karachi[27]
501931Vallabhbhai Patel Karachi[27]
511932Madan Mohan Malaviya Delhi[23]
521933Nellie Sengupta Calcutta[29]
531934Rajendra Prasad Bombay[30]
541935Lucknow[30]
551936Jawaharlal Nehru Lucknow[27]
561937Faizpur[27]
571938Subhas Chandra Bose Haripura[28]
[31]
581939Tewar, Madhya Pradesh
(then Tripuri)		[28]
[31]
591939 (March)Rajendra Prasad Tewar, Madhya Pradesh
(then Tripuri)		[30]
601940–46

Duration of World war 2

Abul Kalam Azad Ramgarh[27]
611946 (July-Sept)Jawaharlal Nehru [32]
621946J. B. Kripalani Meerut[33]
631947

The post-independence era (1948–present)

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List of presidents since independence
No.Year(s) of PresidencyNamePortraitPlace of ConferenceReference(s)[14]
641948Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya Jaipur[33]
651949Jaipur
661950Purushottam Das Tandon Nashik[33]
671951Jawaharlal Nehru Delhi[34]
[31]
681952Delhi
691953Hyderabad[34]
[31]
701954Kalyani[34]
[31]
711955U. N. Dhebar Avadi[23]
721956Amritsar[23]
731957Indore[23]
741958Gauhati[23]
751959Nagpur[23]
761959Indira Gandhi Delhi (special session)[35]
[36]
731960Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Bengaluru[33]
741961Bhavnagar[33]
751962–1963Patna[33]
761964K. Kamaraj Bhubaneswar[33]
771965Durgapur[33]
781966–1967Jaipur[33]
791968S. Nijalingappa Hyderabad[33]
801969Faridabad[33]
811970–1971Jagjivan Ram Mumbai[33]
821972–74Shankar Dayal Sharma Kolkata[33]
831975–77Devakanta Barua Chandigarh[33]
841977–78Kasu Brahmananda Reddy Chandigarh[37]
851978–83Indira Gandhi New Delhi[35]
[36]
851983Kolkata[35]
[36]
861985–1991Rajiv Gandhi Mumbai[38]
[39]
[40]
871992P. V. Narasimha Rao Tirupati[23]
881993Surajkund[23]
891994Delhi[23]
901996–1998Sitaram Kesri Kolkata[23]
911998–2001Sonia Gandhi New Delhi[41]
[42]
922001–2004Bengaluru[41]
[42]
932004–2006New Delhi[41]
[42]
942006–2010Hyderabad[41]
[42]
952010–2017New Delhi[41]
[42]
962017–2019Rahul Gandhi New Delhi[43]
972019–2022Sonia Gandhi Jaipur[41]
[42]
982022–IncumbentMallikarjun Kharge New Delhi[44]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Constitution & Rules of the Indian National Congress" (PDF). Indian National Congress. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
  2. ^ a b C G, Manoj (3 February 2021). "Explained: a Congress president — how these polls are meant to be held, how it plays out". The Indian Express. Indian Express Group. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  3. ^ Kumar, Kedar Nath (1 January 1990). Political Parties in India, Their Ideology and Organisation. Mittal Publications. pp. 41–43. ISBN 978-81-7099-205-9.
  4. ^ Mondal, Manisha (29 December 2018). "Remembering WC Bonnerjee, the first president of Indian National Congress". Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  5. ^ Sanghvi, Vijay (2006). The Congress Indira to Sonia Gandhi. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications. p. 128. ISBN 978-81-7835-340-1. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  6. ^ Basu, Manisha (2 November 2016). The Rhetoric of Hindutva. Cambridge University Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-107-14987-8.
  7. ^ Statistical Report on General Elections, 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha (PDF). Election Commission of India. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  8. ^ "Postindependence: from dominance to decline". Britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 September 2020. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2014.
  9. ^ Chakravartty, Nikhil (31 January 1978). "Indira Gandhi installed as president of break-away faction of Congress Party". India Today. Living Media India Limited. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  10. ^ Deka, Kaushik (8 July 2019). "Goodbye, Rahul Gandhi?". India Today. Living Media India Limited. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  11. ^ "Indian National Congress: From 1885 till 2017, a brief history of past presidents". The Indian Express. Indian Express Group. 5 December 2017. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  12. ^ "Congress to elect new president on Oct 17, results on Oct 19 | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 28 August 2022.
  13. ^ "Mallikarjun Kharge Is Chief - Congress Sticks To What It Knows". NDTV. 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  14. ^ a b c "Congress Sessions". All India Congress Committee. 6 February 2010. Archived from the original on 6 February 2010. Retrieved 29 May 2021.
  15. ^ a b Nanda, B. R. (1977). Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj. Legacy Series. Princeton University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-4008-7049-3. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2019. In 1874, he became Prime Minister of Baroda and was a member of the Legislative Council of Bombay (1885–88).2015
  16. ^ a b Mahmud, Sayed Jafar (1994). Pillars of Modern India, 1757–1947. APH Publishing. p. 19. ISBN 978-81-7024-586-5. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  17. ^ a b "W. C. Bonnerjee". open.ac.uk. Open University. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  18. ^ a b c Nanda, B. R. (2015) [1977]. Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj. Legacy Series. Princeton University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-4008-7049-3. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  19. ^ Anonymous (1926). Eminent Mussalmans (1 ed.). Madras: G.A. Natesan & Co. pp. 97–112. OCLC 462824439.
  20. ^ Tyabji, Badruddin. "Presidential speech to the Indian National Congress, 1887". columbia.edu. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  21. ^ Hall, Catherine; Sonya O. Rose (2006). At Home with the Empire: Metropolitan Culture and the Imperial World. Cambridge University Press. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-139-46009-5. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g Singh, Hemant (8 April 2021). "List of Sessions of Indian National Congress before Independence (1885–1947)". Jagran Josh. Dainik Jagran. Jagran Prakashan Limited. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Dadabhai Naoroji to Nehru; Indira to Sonia: Profiles of Congress presidents". Hindustan Times. HT Media Ltd. 11 December 2017. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Rangnekar, Prashant (11 December 2017). "All the Congress presidents: from family to foreigners". PTI. No. Outlook (Indian magazine). Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  25. ^ Sunavala, Nergish (25 January 2015). "Nobody learns Parsi history in schools, says historian". The Times of India. The Times Group. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  26. ^ "Indian National Congress: 12 facts about one of the oldest political parties of the country". India Today. Living Media India Limited. 28 December 2017. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Singh, Kanishka (5 December 2017). "Indian National Congress: From 1885 till 2017, a brief history of past presidents". The Indian Express. Indian Express Group. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  28. ^ a b c Nair, Parameswaran Thankappan (31 January 2021). "Gandhi – The Calcutta Connection". The Telegraph (Kolkata). ABP Group. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  29. ^ "Mrs. Nellie Sengupta, Past Presidents, Indian National Congress". Indian National Congress. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  30. ^ a b c "Dr Rajendra Prasad Birth Anniversary: All about India's first President". India Today. Living Media India Limited. 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  31. ^ a b c d e Mukherjee, Rudrangshu (30 January 2021). "Not really Nehru, it was Gandhi and Congress 'Right' who made Bose resign as party president". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 20 July 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  32. ^ "Indian National Congress: From 1885 till 2017, a brief history of past presidents". The Indian Express. 4 December 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Radhakrishnan, Sruthi (14 December 2017). "Presidents of Congress past: A look at the party's presidency since 1947". The Hindu. The Hindu Group. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  34. ^ a b c "Shri Jawaharlal Nehru". Prime Minister's Office (India). Archived from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  35. ^ a b c "Smt. Indira Gandhi". Prime Minister's Office (India). Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  36. ^ a b c "Who Was Indira Gandhi". Business Standard. ABP Group. Business Standard Private Limited. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  37. ^ "Congress President Elections: History of Six Congress Elections".
  38. ^ "Shri Rajiv Gandhi". Prime Minister's Office (India). Archived from the original on 1 September 2020. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  39. ^ Mitra, Sumit (16 January 2014). "Count-down to centenary celebration of Indian National Congress in Bombay begins". India Today. Living Media India Limited. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  40. ^ "Let the comparisons begin: Let the comparisons begin: Full text of Rajiv Gandhi's famous 1985 speech". India Today. Living Media India Limited. 21 January 2013. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  41. ^ a b c d e f "Sonia Gandhi named interim Congress president". Doordarshan. Prasar Bharti. 11 August 2019. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  42. ^ a b c d e f Jagannath, J. (24 August 2020). "Sonia Gandhi to continue as Congress president for now". Mint (newspaper). HT Media. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  43. ^ "Rahul Gandhi only leader who can take over as Congress president: Ripun Bora". The Hindu. The Hindu Group. 16 February 2021. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  44. ^ "LIVE: Shashi Tharoor concedes Congress president poll defeat, wishes Mallikarjun Kharge 'all success'". Hindustan Times. 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
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