Wiki English 2024
EnglishJapaneseVietnamese

Hypercoaster

A hypercoaster is a roller coaster with a height or drop measuring at least 200 feet (61 m).[1][2] The term was first coined by Arrow Dynamics and Cedar Point in 1989 with the opening of the world's first hypercoaster, Magnum XL-200, which features a height of 205 feet (62 meters). The next hypercoaster, Pepsi Max Big One, opened five years later at Blackpool Pleasure Beach featuring a height of 213 feet (65 m).

The world's first hypercoaster, Magnum XL-200 at Cedar Point

Other roller coaster manufacturers may or may not recognize the term hypercoaster when naming their models. Intamin calls their hypercoaster model a Mega Coaster, and Bolliger & Mabillard labels theirs a Hyper Coaster. The competition between amusement parks to build increasingly taller roller coasters eventually led to the next height classification for roller coasters known as giga coasters, which have a height or drop measuring at least 300 feet (91 m). This was soon followed by the world's first strata coasters – exceeding 400 feet (120 m) – with the release of Top Thrill Dragster in 2003.

History

edit

The world's first hypercoaster was Magnum XL-200 at Cedar Point, which cost $8 million to construct. Cedar Point hired Arrow Dynamics for the design and construction began in 1988. Since its debut on May 6, 1989, Magnum XL-200 has accommodated over 36 million riders.[3] Cedar Point's official blog states that after building the ride, "...discussion was focused on just what a roller coaster such as Magnum should be called. After all, it had no loops like most of the other large steel coasters of the time and was so much bigger and faster than its non-looping brethren. After a couple of years, the name everyone agreed upon was hypercoaster."[4]

Description

edit

Hypercoasters were originally built for speed and airtime, to counter the trend of constructing bigger and bigger looping coasters. To accomplish this the elements of a hypercoaster often include a large first drop, several additional drops of declining height, a large turn or helix, and then many airtime-inducing hills. Hypercoasters are commonly designed with an out and back layout, although there are occasionally hypercoasters that use a twister layout, such as Raging Bull at Six Flags Great America, and others that combine both, such as Diamondback at Kings Island.

Hypercoasters are highly-ranked in the annual Amusement Today Golden Ticket Awards. In 2006, Six Flags New England's Superman: Ride of Steel (later named Bizarro and Superman The Ride) was ranked first place. Others such as Magnum XL-200 (third), Nitro (fourth), and Apollo's Chariot (fifth) followed closely behind in the top five, with hypercoasters making up the majority of the Top 10 Steel Coasters.[5] By 2010, hypercoasters completely filled the top 10, as well as 16 of the top 20.[6]

Hypercoasters were first manufactured by Arrow Dynamics in the late 1980s to early 1990s. Since then, a number of companies, including Bolliger & Mabillard, Intamin, D. H. Morgan Manufacturing, and Giovanola have designed and constructed hypercoasters.

Though hypercoasters are typically steel roller coasters, Son of Beast at Kings Island was the first and only wooden hypercoaster. Due to a number of issues, the ride was eventually demolished in 2012.[7][8]

In 2018, Cedar Point opened the first hybrid hypercoaster, Steel Vengeance. Steel Vengeance is the first hypercoaster manufactured by Rocky Mountain Construction.[9]

Bolliger & Mabillard

edit
Hyper Coaster
Goliath's first drop at Six Flags Over Georgia in Georgia.[10]
StatusIn Production
First manufactured1999
No. of installations20
ManufacturerBolliger & Mabillard
Rows8
Riders per row4
Restraint StyleClamshell restraints
Hyper Coaster at RCDB
A train passes through Diamondback's splashdown element.

Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M) has produced 18 models over 21 years of production of hyper coasters, making it one of the more successful models manufactured by the company.[11]

The first installation of the hyper coaster was Apollo's Chariot located in Busch Gardens Williamsburg.[12][13] It was one of the two models released in 1999, the other being the Floorless Coaster. It was made in a similar style to the TOGO, D. H. Morgan Manufacturing, and Arrow Dynamics hypercoasters. In 2012, B&M produced its first giga coaster, Leviathan at Canada's Wonderland, exceeding 300 feet in height. Bolliger & Mabillard do not use the term giga, but have continued to produce roller coasters in this class.[14]

The typical design of B&M's hyper coaster model includes a large lift hill then a large drop with a steep angle of descent, and typically includes airtime hills. One exception, Raging Bull at Six Flags Great America does not have this standard "out-and-back" layout, but rather features a "twister" layout.[15]

The trains feature seven to nine cars of one row with four seats, resulting in each train seating 28 to 36 riders. Depending on the dispatch time and the number of trains, the coasters typically have a capacity of 1,200 to 1,500 riders per hour. Each seat features a unique clamshell restraint. Some trains used on B&M Hyper Coasters feature staggered seats, where the two outer seats are located farther back than the two center seats, creating a more open experience. Currently, this staggered seating arrangement is only featured on four coasters: Behemoth at Canada's Wonderland, Diamondback at Kings Island, Thunder Striker at Carowinds, and Shambhala at PortAventura Park.

Golden Ticket Awards

edit
See also: Golden Ticket Awards

The B&M Hyper Coaster has been the most successful model in the Golden Ticket Awards.[citation needed]

B&M Hyper Coasters in the Top 15 Steel Coasters at the Golden Ticket Awards
Coaster2009[16]2010[17]2011[18]2012[19]2013[20]2014[21]2015[22]2016[23]2017[24]2018[25]2019[26]
Nitro3rd3rd3rd3rd4th5th5th5th7th11th10th
Apollo's Chariot5th4th7th4th5th7th6th6th11th6th8th
Goliath (SFOG)4th5th4th9th7th9th12th14th
Diamondback7th11th10th14th4th11th9th8th10th14th
Behemoth12th13th15th15th
Raging Bull14th
Thunder Striker7th8th10th7th8th
Leviathan15th6th8th7th6th8th9th
Fury 3254th1st1st1st1st
Mako15th

List of hypercoasters

edit

The following is a list of roller coasters with a height of at least 200 feet (61 m). Shuttle roller coasters are typically not classified as hypercoasters and are therefore listed separately.[27]

ManufacturerNumberProduction
Intamin23 (5 Shuttle)1999–present
Bolliger & Mabillard201999–present
Arrow Dynamics51989–2001
D. H. Morgan Manufacturing51996–2001
Premier Rides4 (All Shuttle)1997–2000
S&S Worldwide42006–2012
Mack Rides42017–present
Rocky Mountain Construction32018–present
Giovanola22000–2001
TOGO21996–1997
Gerstlauer12015
Chance Morgan12004
Lagoon Amusement Park12015
Meisho Amusement Machines1 (All Shuttle)1983
Roller Coaster Corporation of America12000
S&S Sansei12019–present
Vekoma2 (1 Shuttle)2010-present

Complete circuit

edit
NameParkCountryManufacturerHeightOpenedStatusRef
Magnum XL-200Cedar Point  United StatesArrow Dynamics205 ft (62 m)May 1989Operating[28]
The Big OneBlackpool Pleasure Beach  United KingdomArrow Dynamics213 ft (65 m)May 1994Operating[29]
DesperadoBuffalo Bill's  United StatesArrow Dynamics209 ft (64 m)August 1994Closed[30]
Wild ThingValleyfair  United StatesD. H. Morgan Manufacturing207 ft (63 m)May 1996Operating[31]
FujiyamaFuji-Q Highland  JapanTOGO259 ft (79 m)July 1996Operating[32]
Big Apple CoasterNew York-New York Hotel & Casino  United StatesTOGO203 ft (62 m)[note 1]January 1997Operating[33]
Steel ForceDorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom  United StatesD. H. Morgan Manufacturing200 ft (61 m)[note 2]May 1997Operating[34]
MambaWorlds of Fun  United StatesD. H. Morgan Manufacturing205 ft (62 m)April 1998Operating[35]
Apollo's Chariot[a]Busch Gardens Williamsburg  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard170 ft (52 m)[note 3]March 1999Operating[36]
Raging BullSix Flags Great America  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard202 ft (62 m)[note 4]May 1999Operating[37]
Ride of SteelSix Flags Darien Lake  United StatesIntamin208 ft (63 m)May 1999Operating[38]
GoliathSix Flags Magic Mountain  United StatesGiovanola235 ft (72 m)February 2000Operating[39]
Superman The RideSix Flags New England  United StatesIntamin208 ft (63 m)May 1999Operating[40]
Superman – Ride of SteelSix Flags America  United StatesIntamin208 ft

(63 m)

May 2000Operating[41]
Millennium Force[b]Cedar Point  United StatesIntamin310 ft (94 m)May 2000Operating[42]
Son of BeastKings Island  United StatesRoller Coaster Corporation of America218 ft (66 m)May 2000Defunct[43]
Steel Dragon 2000[b]Nagashima Spa Land  JapanD. H. Morgan Manufacturing318.3 ft (97.0 m)August 2000Operating[44]
NitroSix Flags Great Adventure  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard230 ft (70 m)April 2001Operating[45]
TitanSix Flags Over Texas  United StatesGiovanola245 ft (75 m)April 2001Operating[46]
Phantom's RevengeKennywood  United StatesD. H. Morgan Manufacturing/Arrow Dynamics160 ft (49 m)[note 5]May 2001Operating[47]
X2Six Flags Magic Mountain  United StatesArrow Dynamics175 ft (53 m)[note 6]January 2002Operating[48]
Silver StarEuropa-Park  GermanyBolliger & Mabillard239.5 ft (73.0 m)March 2002Operating[49]
XceleratorKnott's Berry Farm  United StatesIntamin205 ft (62 m)June 2002Operating[50]
Thunder DolphinTokyo Dome City Attractions  JapanIntamin262.5 ft (80.0 m)May 2003Operating[51]
Top Thrill Dragster[c]Cedar Point  United StatesIntamin420 ft (130 m)May 2003Closed[52]
Superman el Último EscapeSix Flags México  MexicoChance Morgan219.8 ft (67.0 m)November 2004Operating[53]
SheiKraBusch Gardens Tampa  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard200 ft (61 m)May 2005Operating[54]
Kingda Ka[c]Six Flags Great Adventure  United StatesIntamin456 ft (139 m)May 2005Operating[55]
StealthThorpe Park  United KingdomIntamin205.1 ft (62.5 m)March 2006Operating[56]
GoliathSix Flags Over Georgia  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard200 ft (61 m)April 2006Operating[57]
ZaturnSpace World  JapanIntamin205 ft (62 m)April 2006Defunct[58]
EejanaikaFuji-Q Highland  JapanS&S Worldwide249 ft (76 m)July 2006Operating[59]
GriffonBusch Gardens Williamsburg  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard205 ft (62 m)May 2007Operating[60]
BehemothCanada's Wonderland  CanadaBolliger & Mabillard230 ft (70 m)May 2008Operating[61]
DiamondbackKings Island  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard230 ft (70 m)April 2009Operating[62]
Diving CoasterHappy Valley Shanghai  ChinaBolliger & Mabillard213.3 ft (65.0 m)August 2009Operating[63]
Thunder StrikerCarowinds  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard232 ft (71 m)March 2010Operating[64]
Project 305[b]Kings Dominion  United StatesIntamin305 ft (93 m)April 2010Operating[65]
Wild EagleDollywood  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard210 ft (64 m)March 2012Operating[66]
Leviathan[b]Canada's Wonderland  CanadaBolliger & Mabillard306 ft (93 m)April 2012Operating[67]
DinocondaChina Dinosaurs Park  ChinaS&S Worldwide226.4 ft (69.0 m)April 2012Operating[68]
ShambhalaPortAventura Park  SpainBolliger & Mabillard249.3 ft (76.0 m)May 2012Operating[69]
SkyrushHersheypark  United StatesIntamin200 ft (61 m)May 2012Operating[70]
Bullet Coaster[a]Happy Valley Shenzhen  ChinaS&S Worldwide196.8 ft (60.0 m)[note 7]July 2012Operating[71]
OCT Thrust SSC1000[a]Happy Valley Wuhan  ChinaS&S Worldwide196.8 ft (60.0 m)[note 8]March 2014Operating[72]
Fury 325[b]Carowinds  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard325 ft (99 m)March 2015Operating[73]
The Oath of KärnanHansa Park  GermanyGerstlauer239.5 ft (73.0 m)July 2015Operating[74]
CannibalLagoon Amusement Park  United StatesLagoon Amusement Park208 ft (63 m)July 2015Operating[75]
FlashLewa Adventure  ChinaMack Rides200.2 ft (61.0 m)January 2016Operating[76]
Flying AcesFerrari World Abu Dhabi  United Arab EmiratesIntamin206.7 ft (63.0 m)February 2016Operating[77]
ValravnCedar Point  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard223 ft (68 m)May 2016Operating[78]
Coaster Through the CloudsNanchang Wanda Park  ChinaIntamin242.8 ft (74.0 m)May 2016Operating[79]
MakoSeaWorld Orlando  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard200 ft (61 m)June 2016Operating[80]
Red Force[b]Ferrari Land  SpainIntamin367 ft (112 m)April 2017Operating[81]
DC Rivals HyperCoasterWarner Brothers Movie World  AustraliaMack Rides202.1 ft (61.6 m)September 2017Operating[82]
Steel VengeanceCedar Point  United StatesRocky Mountain Construction205 ft (62 m)May 2018Operating[83]
DrakenGyeongju World  South KoreaBolliger & Mabillard206.7 ft (63.0 m)May 2018Operating[84]
HyperionEnergylandia  PolandIntamin252 ft (77 m)[note 9]July 2018Operating[85]
Hyper CoasterLand Of Legends Park  TurkeyMack Rides200.2 ft (61.0 m)2018Operating[86]
Yukon StrikerCanada's Wonderland  CanadaBolliger & Mabillard223 ft (68 m)[note 10]May 2019Operating[87]
Steel CurtainKennywood  United StatesS&S Sansei220 ft (67 m)July 2019Operating[88]
ZadraEnergylandia  PolandRocky Mountain Construction206 ft (63 m)August 2019Operating[89]
Orion[d]Kings Island  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard287 ft (87 m)[note 11]July 2020Operating[90]
CandymoniumHersheypark  United StatesBolliger & Mabillard210 ft (64 m)July 2020Operating[91]
Iron GwaziBusch Gardens Tampa  United StatesRocky Mountain Construction206 ft (63 m)March 2022Operating[92]
Beyond the CloudSuzhou Amusement Land Forest World  ChinaMack Rides203.4 ft (62.0 m)July 2022Operating[93]
HyperiaThorpe Park  United KingdomMack Rides236 ft (72 m)May 2024Operating[94]
Falcons Flight[e]Six Flags Qiddiya  Saudi ArabiaIntamin619 ft (189 m)TBDUnder construction[95]
Iron RattlerSix Flags Qiddiya  Saudi ArabiaVekoma208 ft (63 m)TBDUnder construction[96]
SpitfireSix Flags Qiddiya  Saudi ArabiaIntamin239 ft (73 m)TBDUnder construction[97]

Shuttle

edit
NameParkCountryManufacturerHeightOpenedStatusRef
Moonsault ScrambleFuji-Q Highland  JapanMeisho Amusement Machines229.7 ft (70.0 m)June 1983Defunct[98]
Tower of Terror II[b]Dreamworld  AustraliaIntamin377.3 ft (115.0 m)January 1997Defunct[99]
Superman: Escape from Krypton[c]Six Flags Magic Mountain  United StatesIntamin415 ft (126 m)March 1997Operating[100]
Batman & Robin: The ChillerSix Flags Great Adventure  United StatesPremier Rides200 ft (61 m)June 1997Defunct[101]
Mr. FreezeSix Flags Over Texas  United StatesPremier Rides218 ft (66 m)March 1998Operating[102]
Mr. Freeze Reverse BlastSix Flags St. Louis  United StatesPremier Rides218 ft (66 m)April 1998Operating[103]
Speed – The RideNASCAR Café  United StatesPremier Rides224 ft (68 m)April 2000Defunct[104]
Wicked TwisterCedar Point  United StatesIntamin215 ft (66 m)May 2002Defunct[105]
Big AirE-DA Theme Park  TaiwanVekoma209.3 ft (63.8 m)December 2010Operating[106]
Turbo TrackFerrari World Abu Dhabi  United Arab EmiratesIntamin210 ft (64 m)March 2017Operating[107]
Legendary Twin Dragon / 传奇双龙Chongqing Sunac Land  ChinaIntamin229.6 ft (70.0 m)February 2021Operating[108]
  1. ^ a b c This is a hypercoaster that is not taller than 200 ft (61 m), but has a drop of over 200 ft (61 m).
  2. ^ a b c d e f g This is a hypercoaster that is also a giga coaster, a roller coaster that exceeds 300 ft (91 m) in height.
  3. ^ a b c This is a hypercoaster that is also a strata coaster, a roller coaster that exceeds 400 ft (120 m) in height.
  4. ^ This is a giga coaster that is not taller than 300 ft (91 m), but has a drop of over 300 ft (91 m).
  5. ^ This is a hypercoaster that is also an exa coaster, a roller coaster that exceeds 600 ft in height
edit

B&M

edit

Other manufacturers

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ Drop height is 144 ft (44 m)
  2. ^ Drop height is 205 ft (62 m)
  3. ^ Drop height is 210 ft (64 m)
  4. ^ Drop height is 208 ft (63 m)
  5. ^ Drop height is 228 ft (69 m)
  6. ^ Drop height is 215 ft (66 m)
  7. ^ Drop height is 221.2 ft (67.4 m)
  8. ^ Drop height is 221.2 ft (67.4 m)
  9. ^ Drop height is 269 ft (82 m)
  10. ^ Drop height is 245 ft (75 m)
  11. ^ Drop height is 300 ft (91 m)

References

edit
  1. ^ "When Brain Trauma Is at the Other End Of the Thrill Ride". The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  2. ^ "Millennium Force: The Hypercoaster Rules No More". Thrillride.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
  3. ^ "CP Mobile". Cedarpoint.com. Archived from the original on 2010-12-26. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  4. ^ "More Thoughts on Magnum". Cedarpoint.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
  5. ^ "The List: 2006 Top 50 Steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. September 2006. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  6. ^ "The List: 2010 Top 50 Steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. September 11, 2010. p. 34. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  7. ^ "What's next for Son of Beast? Future of Kings Island roller coaster unclear". Cincinnati.com. 2011-04-23. Archived from the original on 2011-04-27. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  8. ^ "Son of Beast roller coaster to be removed to make room for future park expansion". Kings Island. July 27, 2012. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved July 27, 2012.
  9. ^ "Steel Vengeance is Cedar Point's record-breaking replacement for Mean Streak roller coaster (Video) | cleveland.com". 16 August 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
  10. ^ Marden, Duane. "Goliath  (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  11. ^ "B&M Hyper Coaster". 14 August 2012.
  12. ^ Deacle, Robin (September 5, 1998). "New Ride Not For Mere Mortals". Daily Press. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
  13. ^ Marden, Duane. "Apollo's Chariot  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  14. ^ "Bolliger & Mabillard – Products". Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  15. ^ Backmann, Dave (October 22, 1998). "Six Flags' new ride will offer 'hyper-twister' thrills". Kenosha News. Retrieved July 8, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ "2009 Golden Ticket Awards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-19.
  17. ^ "2010 Golden Ticket Awards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-19.
  18. ^ "2011 Golden Ticket Awards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-19.
  19. ^ "2012 Golden Ticket Awards" (PDF).
  20. ^ "2013 Golden Ticket Awards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-19.
  21. ^ "2014 Golden Ticket Awards" (PDF).
  22. ^ "2015 Golden Ticket Awards" (PDF).
  23. ^ "2016 Golden Ticket Awards". 11 September 2016.
  24. ^ "2017 Golden Ticket Awards". 11 September 2017.
  25. ^ "2018 Golden Ticket Awards". 8 September 2018.
  26. ^ "2019 Golden Ticket Awards". 7 September 2019.
  27. ^ "Watch the plunge from this new 325-foot roller coaster". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  28. ^ Marden, Duane. "Magnum XL-200  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  29. ^ Marden, Duane. "Big One  (Blackpool Pleasure Beach)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  30. ^ Marden, Duane. "Desperado  (Buffalo Bill's Resort & Casino)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  31. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Thing  (Valleyfair!)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  32. ^ Marden, Duane. "Fujiyama  (Fuji-Q Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  33. ^ Marden, Duane. "Big Apple Coaster  (New York, New York Hotel & Casino)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  34. ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Force  (Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  35. ^ Marden, Duane. "Mamba  (Worlds of Fun)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  36. ^ Marden, Duane. "Apollo's Chariot  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  37. ^ Marden, Duane. "Raging Bull  (Six Flags Great America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  38. ^ Marden, Duane. "Ride of Steel  (Darien Lake)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  39. ^ Marden, Duane. "Goliath  (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  40. ^ Marden, Duane. "Superman the Ride  (Six Flags New England)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  41. ^ Marden, Duane. "Superman – Ride of Steel  (Six Flags America)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  42. ^ Marden, Duane. "Millennium Force  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  43. ^ Marden, Duane. "Son of Beast  (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  44. ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Dragon 2000  (Nagashima Spa Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  45. ^ Marden, Duane. "Nitro  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  46. ^ Marden, Duane. "Titan  (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  47. ^ Marden, Duane. "Phantom's Revenge  (Kennywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  48. ^ Marden, Duane. "X2  (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  49. ^ Marden, Duane. "Silver Star  (Europa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  50. ^ Marden, Duane. "Xcelerator  (Knott's Berry Farm)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  51. ^ Marden, Duane. "Thunder Dolphin  (Tokyo Dome City)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  52. ^ Marden, Duane. "Top Thrill Dragster  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  53. ^ Marden, Duane. "Superman el Último Escape  (ix Flags Mexico)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  54. ^ Marden, Duane. "SheiKra  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  55. ^ Marden, Duane. "Kingda Ka  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  56. ^ Marden, Duane. "Stealth  (horpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  57. ^ Marden, Duane. "Goliath  (Six Flags Over Georgia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  58. ^ Marden, Duane. "Zaturn  (Space World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  59. ^ Marden, Duane. "Eejanaika  (Fuji-Q Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  60. ^ Marden, Duane. "Griffon  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  61. ^ Marden, Duane. "Behemoth  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  62. ^ Marden, Duane. "Diamondback  (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  63. ^ Marden, Duane. "Diving Coaster  (Happy Valley Shanghai)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  64. ^ Marden, Duane. "Thunder Striker  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  65. ^ Marden, Duane. "Project 305  (Kings Dominion)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  66. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wild Eagle  (Dollywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  67. ^ Marden, Duane. "Leviathan  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  68. ^ Marden, Duane. "Dinoconda  (China Dinosaurs Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  69. ^ Marden, Duane. "Shambhala  (PortAventura Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  70. ^ Marden, Duane. "Skyrush  (Hershey Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  71. ^ Marden, Duane. "Bullet Coaster  (Happy Valley Shenzhen)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  72. ^ Marden, Duane. "OCT Thrust SSC1000  (Happy Valley Wuhan)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  73. ^ Marden, Duane. "Fury 325  (Carowinds)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  74. ^ Marden, Duane. "Schwur des Kärnan  (Hansa Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  75. ^ Marden, Duane. "Cannibal  (Lagoon Amusement Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  76. ^ Marden, Duane. "Flash  (Lewa Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  77. ^ Marden, Duane. "Flying Aces  (Ferrari World Abu Dhabi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  78. ^ Marden, Duane. "Valravn  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  79. ^ Marden, Duane. "Coaster Through the Clouds  (Nanchang Wanda Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  80. ^ Marden, Duane. "Mako  (SeaWorld Orlando)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  81. ^ Marden, Duane. "Red Force  (Ferrari Land])". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  82. ^ Marden, Duane. "DC Rivals HyperCoaster  (Warner Brothers Movie World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  83. ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Vengeance  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  84. ^ Marden, Duane. "Draken / 드라켄  (Gyeongju World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  85. ^ Marden, Duane. "Hyperion  (Energylandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  86. ^ Marden, Duane. "Hyper Coaster  (Land of Legends Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  87. ^ Marden, Duane. "Yukon Striker  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  88. ^ Marden, Duane. "Steel Curtain  (Kennywood)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
  89. ^ Marden, Duane. "Zadra  (Energylandia)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  90. ^ Marden, Duane. "Orion  (Kings Island)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  91. ^ Marden, Duane. "Candymonium  (Hersheypark)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  92. ^ Marden, Duane. "Iron Gwazi  (Busch Gardens Tampa)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  93. ^ Marden, Duane. "Hurricane Roller Coaster / 飓风过山车  (Suzhou Amusement Land Forest World)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  94. ^ Marden, Duane. "Hyperia  (Thorpe Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  95. ^ Marden, Duane. "Falcons Flight  (Six Flags Qiddiya)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  96. ^ Marden, Duane. "Iron Rattler  (Six Flags Qiddiya)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  97. ^ "Spitfire - Six Flags Qiddiya (Al Muzahimiyah, Ar Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)". rcdb.com. Retrieved 2024-02-23.
  98. ^ Marden, Duane. "Moonsault Scramble  (Fuji-Q Highland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  99. ^ Marden, Duane. "Tower of Terror II  (Dreamworld)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  100. ^ Marden, Duane. "Superman: Escape from Krypton  (Six Flags Magic Mountain)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  101. ^ Marden, Duane. "Batman & Robin: The Chiller  (Six Flags Great Adventure)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  102. ^ Marden, Duane. "Mr. Freeze Reverse Blast  (Six Flags Over Texas)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  103. ^ Marden, Duane. "Mr. Freeze Reverse Blast  (Six Flags St. Louis)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  104. ^ Marden, Duane. "Speed – The Ride  (Nascar Café)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  105. ^ Marden, Duane. "Wicked Twister  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  106. ^ Marden, Duane. "Big Air  (E-DA Theme Park)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved August 5, 2017.
  107. ^ Marden, Duane. "Turbo Track  (Ferrari World Abu Dhabi)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved January 18, 2021.
  108. ^ Marden, Duane. "Legendary Twin Dragon / 传奇双龙  (Chongqing Sunac Land)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
  109. ^ Marden, Duane. "Apollo's Chariot  (Busch Gardens Williamsburg)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  110. ^ Marden, Duane. "Leviathan  (Canada's Wonderland)". Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
edit
Retrieved from "https:https://www.how.com.vn/wiki/index.php?lang=en&q=Hypercoaster&oldid=1231201621"
🔥 Top keywords: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS te ShqiperiseAlexandria Ocasio-CortezBilderberg GroupCristiano RonaldoDong XiaowanMinecraftOperation GladioPrimal cutRiot FestStrictly Come Dancing (series 7)Main PageSpecial:SearchKalki 2898 AD2024 NBA draftWikipedia:Featured picturesUEFA Euro 2024Zaccharie RisacherJulian AssangeBronny JamesICC Men's T20 World CupBill CobbsCleopatra.xxxThe Bear (TV series)Deaths in 20242024 ICC Men's T20 World CupNag AshwinDalton KnechtAlexandre SarrMatas Buzelis2024 Copa AméricaCeline DionThe Boys season 4A Quiet Place: Day OneReed SheppardYouTubeZach EdeyThe Boys (TV series)Shifty ShellshockKalkiRob DillinghamUEFA European ChampionshipHouse of the DragonOpinion polling for the 2024 United Kingdom general electionInside Out 2Stephon CastleCopa AméricaThe Acolyte (TV series)Luis Arce