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List of medieval music theorists

Medieval music is the music of the Western Europe during the Middle Ages, from approximately the 6th to 15th centuries.[1] The first and longest era of Western classical music, Medieval music saw the presence of various music theorists, such as Boethius, Hucbald, Guido of Arezzo, Johannes Cotto, Franco of Cologne and Philippe de Vitry.

Medieval music theorists

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For theorists of this period around the world, see List of music theorists § 8th–14th centuries.
See also: List of medieval composers and List of Byzantine composers

   Also a composer   May have been a composer

Medieval music theorists
NameLifetimeNationalityMusic theory worksRef(s)
Boethiusc. 480 – 524RomanDe institutione musica[2][3]
Cassiodorusc. 485 – 585RomanInstitutiones[2][4]
Isidore of Sevillec. 559 – 636SpanishEtymologiarum sive Originum libri xx and De ecclesiasticis officiis[2][5]
Alcuinc. 735 – 804Anglo-SaxonDe octo tonis and an unknown music treatise (both of uncertain authorship)[2][6]
Rabanus Maurusc. 780 – 856FrankishThroughout various works[2][7]
Johannes Scottus Eriugenac. 810 – c. 877IrishDe divisione naturae and De divisione naturae[8]
Aurelian of Réômefl. 840–850FrankishMusica disciplina[2][9]
Regino of Prümc. 842 – 915GermanDe synodalibus causis and Epistola de armonica institutione; Octo toni de musicae artis[10][11]
Hucbaldc. 850 – 930Benedictine(De) Musica[2][12]
Remigius of Auxerrefl. 862–c. 900LatinThe ninth book of De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii[2][13]
Odo of Clunyc. 878 – 942FrenchDialogus?[10][14]
Odo of Arezzofl. Late 10th centuryItalian[15]
Notker Labeoc. 950 – 1022BenedictineFive short essays[16][17]
Guido of Arezzo
(Guido da Arezzo; Guido Aretinus)		c. 991 – after 1033ItalianMicrologus, Prologus in antiphonarium [16][18]
Wulfstan the Cantorfl. 992–6EnglishBrevilioquium super musicam[19]
Odo de Saint-Maur-des-Fossés [sv]?fl. 992–1029?Dialogus? Enchiridion musices?[20]
Otloh of Sankt Emmeramc. 1010 – 1070BenedictineNone surviving; cited in William of Hirsau's De musica[21]
Hermann of Reichenau1013 – 1054BenedictineMusica[16][22]
Berno of Reichenaubefore 1014 – 1048Probably GermanDe quibusdam rebus ad misse officium pertinentibus and De consona tonorum diversitate[16][23]
William of Hirsauc. 1030 – 1091BenedictineDe musica[n 1][16][24]
Aribo Scholasticusfl. c. 1068–78UnknownDe musica[25]
Frutolf of Michelsbergmid-11th century – 1103UnknownBreviarium[26]
Theogerus of Metzc. 1050 – 1120GermanMusica[27]
Hugh of St Victorc. 1096 – 1141AugustinianA chapter in the Didascalicon[28]
Johannes Cottofl. c. 1100UnknownDe musica[16][29]
Guido of Eufl. mid-12th centuryCistercianRegule de arte musica[30]
Theinred of Doverfl. 12th centuryEnglishDe legitimis ordinibus pentachordorum et tetrachordorum[31]
Bartholomeus Anglicusbefore 1200 – 1272EnglishThroughout De proprietatibus rerum[32]
Roger Baconc. 1214 – c. 1292EnglishThroughout various works[33]
Petrus de Picardiafl. 1250FrenchArs motettorum compilata breviter[34]
Elias Salomofl. 2nd half of the 13th centuryFrenchScientia artis musice[35]
Egidius de Zamorafl. c. 1260–1280SpanishArs musica[36]
Magister Lambertusfl. c. 1270UnknownTractatus de musica[37]
Amerusfl. 1271EnglishPractica artis musice[38]
Hieronymus de Moraviadied after 1271UnknownTractatus de Musica[39]
Franco of Colognefl. mid to late 13th centuryGermanArs cantus mensurabilis[40]
Engelbert of Admontc. 1250 – 1331AustrianDe musica[41]
Jacobus of Liègec. 1260 – after 1330Franco-FlemishSpeculum musice[42]
Johannes de Garlandiafl. c. 1270 – 1320FrenchDe Plana Musica and De Mensurabili Musica[43]
Johannes Baloxfl. late 13th centuryUnknownAbbreviatio magistri Franconis a[uctore] Johanne dicto Baloce[44]
Hugo Spechtshart [de]c. 1285 – 1359/60GermanFlores musicae omnis cantus Gregoriani and Chronicon Hugonis sacerdotis de Rutelinga ad annum[45]
Petrus de Crucefl. c. 1290FrenchTractatus de tonis[n 2][46]
Petrus Le Viserfl. c. 1290–1300?[47]
Johannes de Murisc. 1290–95 – 1344FrenchNotitia artis musicae, Compendium musicae practicae, Musica speculativa secundum Boetium, Libellus cantus mensurabilis, and Ars contrapuncti[48]
Philippe de Vitry1291–1361FrenchArs nova[49]
Walter Odingtonfl. 1298–1316EnglishSumma de speculatione musice[50]
Henricus de Zeelandiafl. 14th centurySouth NetherlandishTractatus de cantu perfecto et imperfecto[51]
Johannes Vetulus de Anagniafl. 14th centuryItalianLiber de musica[52]
Willelmusfl. 14th centuryUnknownBreviarium regulare musice[53]
Johannes de Grocheiofl. c. 1300FrenchDe musica[54]
Johannes Boenearly 14th century – 1367DutchArs [musicae] and Musica[55]
Marchetto da Padovafl. 1305–19ItalianLucidarium in arte musice plane and Pomerium in arte musice mensurate[56]
Simon Tunstedc. 1310 – 1369EnglishQuatuor Principalia Musicae[57]
Robert de Handlofl. 1326EnglishRegule cum maximis magistri Franconis cum additionibus aliorum musicorum[58]
Henricus Helenefl. 1335FrenchSummula musice[59]
Petrus frater dictus Palma ociosafl. 1336FrenchCompendium de discantu mensurabili[60]
Egidius de Franciafl. mid-14th centuryFrenchDe motettis componendis[61]
John of Tewkesburyfl. 1351–92EnglishQuatuor principalia musice[n 3][62]
John Hanboysfl. c. 1370EnglishSumma[63]
Philippus de Casertafl. c. 1370Italian?Incipiunt regule contrapuncti secundum magistrum phylippotum de Caserta: Sciendum est quod contrapunctum est fundamentum biscanti[n 4][64]
Johannes Ciconiac. 1370 – 1412Franco-FlemishNova musica[65]
Ugolino of Forlìc. 1380–1452ItalianDeclaratio musicae disciplinae[66]

References

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Notes

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Citations

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  1. ^ Wolinski & Borders 2020, § "Introduction".
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Reese 1940, p. 125.
  3. ^ Bower, Calvin (2001). "Boethius". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03386. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 19 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  4. ^ Bower, Calvin (2001). "Cassiodorus". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05108. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 19 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  5. ^ Randel, Don M.; Nadeau, Nils (2001). "Isidore of Seville". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13934. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 19 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  6. ^ Bower, Calvin (2001). "Cassiodorus". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00495. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 19 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  7. ^ Steiner, Ruth (2001). "Hrabanus [Rabanus, Rhabanus] (Magnentius) Maurus". Grove Music Online. Revised by Bradley Jon Tucker. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13443. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 28 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  8. ^ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Johannes Scottus Eriugena". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14396. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 28 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  9. ^ Bellingham, Jane (2001). "Aurelian of Réôme". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01536. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 28 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  10. ^ a b Reese 1940, p. 126.
  11. ^ Chartier, Yves (2001). "Regino of Prüm". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23070. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  12. ^ Chartier, Yves (2001). "Hucbald of St Amand". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13475. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  13. ^ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Remigius [Remy] of Auxerre". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23191. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  14. ^ Brockett, Clyde; Huglo, Michel (2001). "Odo of Arezzo". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20255. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  15. ^ Brockett, Clyde; Huglo, Michel (2001). "Odo of Arezzo". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20255. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  16. ^ a b c d e f Reese 1940, p. 127.
  17. ^ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Notker Labeo". Grove Music Online. Revised by Bradley Jon Tucker. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20129. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 22 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  18. ^ Palisca, Claude V. (2001). "Guido of Arezzo". In Pesce, Dolores (ed.). Grove Music Online. Revised by Dolores Pesce. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11968. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 19 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  19. ^ Teviotdale, Elizabeth C. (2001). "Wulfstan [Wulstan, Wolstan] of Winchester". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.30612. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  20. ^ Treitler, Leo (Summer 1965). "Tone System in the Secular Works of Guillaume Dufay". Journal of the American Musicological Society. 18 (2). University of California Press: 131–169 (132). doi:10.2307/830681. JSTOR 830681.
  21. ^ Hiley, David (2001). "Otloh of St Emmeram". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.52834. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 20 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  22. ^ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Hermannus Contractus". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12864. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  23. ^ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Berno of Reichenau". In Pesce, Dolores (ed.). Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02878. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  24. ^ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Wilhelm of Hirsau". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.30319. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 22 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  25. ^ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Aribo". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01233. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  26. ^ Huglo, Michel (2001). "Frutolfus of Michelsberg". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10324. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  27. ^ Lochner, Fabian (2001). "Theogerus of Metz". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27804. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  28. ^ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Hugh of St Victor". Grove Music Online. Revised by Randall Rosenfeld. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.13515. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  29. ^ Palisca, Claude (2001). "Johannes Cotto". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14349. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  30. ^ Fuller, Sarah (2001). "Guido of Eu". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12068. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  31. ^ Snyder, John L. (2001). "Theinred of Dover". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27784. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  32. ^ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Bartholomeus Anglicus". In Rosenfeld, Randall; Loewen, Peter (eds.). Grove Music Online. Revised by Randall Rosenfeld. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02153. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  33. ^ Berry, Mary (2001). "Bacon [Baco], Roger". In Loewen, Peter (ed.). Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01727. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  34. ^ Seay, Albert (2019). "Petrus de Picardia". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21493. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  35. ^ Dyer, Joseph (2001). "Salomo, Elias". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08714. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  36. ^ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Egidius [Johannes Aegidius; Juan Gil] de Zamora". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08614. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  37. ^ Baltzer, Rebecca A. (2001). "Lambertus, Magisterc". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.15893. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  38. ^ Gallo, F. Alberto (2001). "Amerus". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00791. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  39. ^ Hammond, Frederick (2001). "Hieronymus de Moravia". Grove Music Online. Revised by Edward H. Roesner. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14275. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  40. ^ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Franco of Cologne". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10138. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  41. ^ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Engelbert of Admont". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08803. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 4 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  42. ^ Hammond, Frederick (2001). "Jacobus of Liège". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14079. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 6 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  43. ^ Baltzer, Rebecca A. (2001). "Johannes de Garlandia". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14358. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 6 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  44. ^ Hughes, Andrew (2001). "Balox, Johannes". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.01915. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  45. ^ Adkins, Cecil (2001). "Spechtshart, Hugo". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26377. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  46. ^ Sanders, Ernest H. (2001). "Petrus de Cruce". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21491. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  47. ^ Sanders, Ernest H. (2001). "Petrus Le Viser". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21496. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 28 August 2021. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  48. ^ Gushee, Lawrence (2001). "Muris, Johannes de". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14237. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  49. ^ Bent, Margaret (2001). "Vitry, Philippe de". In Wathey, Andrew (ed.). Grove Music Online. Revised by Andrew Wathey. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29535. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  50. ^ Hammond, Frederick (2001). "Odington, Walter". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20252. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  51. ^ Seay, Albert (2001). "Henricus de Zeelandia". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12802. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 28 August 2021. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  52. ^ Gallo, F. Alberto (2001). "Vetulus de Anagnia, Johannes". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29271. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  53. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Willelmus". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.30332. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 19 August 2021. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  54. ^ Page, Christopher (2001). "Grocheio [Grocheo], Johannes de". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.14359. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  55. ^ Anderson, Gordon A. (2001). "Boen [Boon], Johannes". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03379. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  56. ^ Herlinger, Jan (2001). "Marchetto da Padova". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.17738. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  57. ^ Crowest, Frederick James. The Story of British Music. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 291.
  58. ^ Lefferts, Peter M. (2001). "Robert de Handlo". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23565. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  59. ^ Seay, Albert (2001). "Henricus Helene". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12803. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 24 July 2022. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  60. ^ Leech-Wilkinson, Daniel (2001). "Petrus frater dictus Palma ociosa". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.21495. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  61. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Egidius [Aegidius] de Murino". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.08612. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 26 November 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  62. ^ Florea, Luminita (2001). "John of Tewkesbury". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40513. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  63. ^ Lefferts, Peter M. (2001). "Hanboys [Hauboys], John". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.12300. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  64. ^ Reaney, Gilbert (2001). "Caserta, Philippus de". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43682. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  65. ^ Bent, Margaret; Fallows, David; Di Bacco, Giuliano; Nádas, John (2001). "Ciconia, Johannes". In Nádas, John; Bent, Margaret; Fallows, David (eds.). Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40689. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  66. ^ Fallows, David; Blackburn, Bonnie J. (2001). "Ugolino of Orvieto". Grove Music Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40462. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. (subscription or UK public library membership required)

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