List of monarchs who abdicated

This is a list of monarchs who have abdicated. Some monarchs have been forced to abdicate. The list is chronological.

List

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RulerCountryPositionAbdication dateSuccessor/Fate
Kuai of YanState of YanKing of Yan318 BCZi Zhi
Wuling of ZhaoState of ZhaoKing of Zhao299 BCHuiwen of Zhao
Liu YingWestern Han DynastyEmperor of China10 January AD 9Wang Mang
Xian of HanEastern Han DynastyEmperor of China11 December 220Wen of Cao Wei
Cao HuanCao WeiEmperor of China4 February 266Wu of Jin
DiocletianRoman EmpireRoman emperor1 May 305Galerius
MaximianRoman EmpireRoman emperor1 May 305Constantius Chlorus
MaximianRoman EmpireRoman emperor11 November 308Licinius
Lü GuangLater LiangHeavenly King339Yin of Later Liang
VetranioRoman EmpireRoman emperor25 December 350Constantius II
An of JinJin dynastyEmperor of China20 December 403Wudao of Huan Chu
Constantine IIIWestern Roman EmpireRoman emperor411Honorius
Gong of JinJin dynastyEmperor of China5 July 420Wu of Liu Song
AvitusWestern Roman EmpireRoman emperor17 October 456Majorian
Xianwen of Northern WeiNorthern WeiEmperor of China20 September 471Xiaowen of Northern Wei
GlyceriusWestern Roman EmpireRoman emperor24 June 474Julius Nepos
Shun of Liu SongLiu SongEmperor of China29 May 479Gao of Southern Qi
He of Southern QiSouthern QiEmperor of China502Wu of Liang
Xiaojing of Eastern WeiEastern WeiEmperor of China550Wenxuan of Northern Qi
Xiao DongLiang dynastyEmperor of China551Hou Jing
Jing of LiangLiang dynastyEmperor of China557Wu of Chen
Gong of Western WeiWestern WeiEmperor of China557Xiaomin of Northern Zhou
Wucheng of Northern QiNorthern QiEmperor of China8 June 565Houzhu of Northern Qi
Xuan of Northern ZhouNorthern ZhouEmperor of China1 April 579Jing of Northern Zhou
Jing of Northern ZhouNorthern ZhouEmperor of China581Wen of Sui
Yang of SuiSui dynastyEmperor of China8 December 617Gong of Sui
Gong of SuiSui dynastyEmperor of China12 June 618Gaozu of Tang
Yang TongSui dynastyEmperor of China23 May 619Wang Shichong
Gaozu of TangTang dynastyEmperor of China4 September 626Taizong of Tang
KōgyokuJapanEmpress of Japan12 July 645Kōtoku
JitōJapanEmpress of Japan22 August 697Monmu
Wu ZhaoWu ZhouEmperor of China21 February 705Zhongzong of Tang
Ruizong of TangTang dynastyEmperor of China8 September 712Xuanzong of Tang
GenmeiJapanEmpress of Japan3 October 715Genshō
Theodosius IIIEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor25 March 717Leo III
GenshōJapanEmpress of Japan3 March 724Shōmu
CeolwulfNorthumbriaKing of Northumbria737Eadberht
ShōmuJapanEmperor of Japan19 August 749Kōken
Xuanzong of TangTang dynastyEmperor of China12 August 756Suzong of Tang
EadberhtNorthumbriaKing of Northumbria758Oswulf
KōkenJapanEmpress of Japan7 September 758Junnin
JunninJapanEmperor of Japan6 November 764Shōtoku
KōninJapanEmperor of Japan30 April 781Kanmu
Shunzong of TangTang dynastyEmperor of China28 August 805Xianzong of Tang
HeizeiJapanEmperor of Japan18 May 809Saga
StaurakiosEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor2 October 811Michael I Rangabe
Michael I RangabeEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor11 July 813Leo V
SagaJapanEmperor of Japan29 May 823Junna
JunnaJapanEmperor of Japan22 March 833Ninmyō
YōzeiJapanEmperor of Japan4 March 844Kōkō
NinmyōJapanEmperor of Japan4 May 850Montoku
SeiwaJapanEmperor of Japan18 December 876Yōzei
UdaJapanEmperor of Japan4 August 897Daigo
Ai of TangChina (Tang dynasty)Emperor of China12 May 907Taizu of Later Liang
DaigoJapanEmperor of Japan16 October 930Suzaku
Rui of Yang WuYang WuEmperor of China937Liezu of Southern Tang
SuzakuJapanEmperor of Japan16 May 946Murakami
Yin of Later HanLater HanEmperor of China951Taizu of Later Zhou
Gong of Later ZhouLater ZhouEmperor of China960Taizu of Song
ReizeiJapanEmperor of Japan27 September 969En'yū
En'yūJapanEmperor of Japan24 September 984Kazan
KazanJapanEmperor of Japan1 August 986Ichijō
John XVIII  Papal StatesPopeJuly 1009Sergius IV
IchijōJapanEmperor of Japan16 July 1011Sanjō
SanjōJapanEmperor of Japan10 March 1016Go-Ichijō
Go-SuzakuJapanEmperor of Japan5 February 1045Go-Reizei
Benedict IX  Papal StatesPopeJuly 1045Gregory VI
Michael VI BringasEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor30 August 1057Isaac I Komnenos
Isaac I KomnenosByzantine EmpireByzantine emperor22 November 1059Constantine X Doukas
Romanos IV DiogenesEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor1 October 1071Michael VII Doukas
Go-SanjōJapanEmperor of Japan18 January 1073Shirakawa
Nikephoros III BotaneiatesEastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor1 April 1081Alexios I Komnenos
ShirakawaJapanEmperor of Japan3 January 1087Horikawa
Henry IV  Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Emperor1105Henry V
TobaJapanEmperor of Japan25 February 1123Sutoku
Huizong of SongSong dynastyEmperor of China18 January 1126Qinzong of Song
SutokuJapanEmperor of Japan5 January 1142Konoe
Eric IIIDenmarkKing of Denmark1146Sweyn III
Canute V
Valdemar I
Go-ShirakawaJapanEmperor of Japan5 September 1158Nijō
Gaozong of SongSong dynastyEmperor of China24 July 1162Xiaozong of Song
NijōJapanEmperor of Japan3 August 1165Rokujō
RokujōJapanEmperor of Japan9 April 1168Takakura
Dermot McMurroughLeinsterKing of Leinster1169Domhnall Caomhánach
TakakuraJapanEmperor of Japan18 March 1180Antoku
Xiaozong of SongSong dynastyEmperor of China18 February 1189Guangzong of Song
Guangzong of SongSong dynastyEmperor of China24 July 1194Ningzong of Song
Go-TobaJapanEmperor of Japan18 February 1198Tsuchimikado
Władysław III Spindleshanks Duchy of PolandHigh Duke of Poland1206Leszek the White
TsuchimikadoJapanEmperor of Japan12 December 1210Juntoku
JuntokuJapanEmperor of Japan13 May 1221Chūkyō
ChūkyōJapanEmperor of Japan29 July 1221Go-Horikawa
Shenzong of Western XiaWestern XiaEmperor of China1223Xianzong of Western Xia
Go-HorikawaJapanEmperor of Japan17 November 1232Shijō
Go-SagaJapanEmperor of Japan16 February 1246Go-Fukakusa
KameyamaJapanEmperor of Japan6 March 1274Go-Uda
Waldemar  Kingdom of SwedenKing of Sweden1277 (deposed 1275)Magnus III
Go-UdaJapanEmperor of Japan27 November 1287Fushimi
Celestine V  Papal StatesPope13 December 1294Boniface VIII
John Balliol  Kingdom of ScotlandKing of Scots10 July 1296Robert I
FushimiJapanEmperor of Japan30 August 1298Go-Fushimi
Go-FushimiJapanEmperor of Japan2 March 1301Go-Nijō
HanazonoJapanEmperor of Japan29 March 1318Go-Daigo
Edward II  Kingdom of EnglandKing of England20 January 1327Edward III
Andronikos II Palaiologos  Eastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor24 May 1328Andronikos III Palaiologos
KōgonNorthern Court of JapanEmperor of Japan7 July 1333Kōmyō
Go-DaigoSouthern Court of JapanEmperor of Japan18 September 1339Go-Murakami
Irene PalaiologinaEmpire of TrebizondEmpress of Trebizond17 July 1341Anna
Magnus VIINorwayKing of Norway15 August 1343Haakon VI
KōmyōNorthern Court of JapanEmperor of Japan18 November 1348Sukō
Tribhuwana WijayatunggadewiMajapahit EmpireQueen of Majapahit1350Hayam Wuruk
SukōNorthern Court of JapanEmperor of Japan26 November 1351Go-Kōgon
John VI Kantakouzenos  Eastern Roman EmpireByzantine emperor10 December 1354John V Palaiologos
Hugh IVKingdom of CyprusKing of Cyprus24 November 1358Peter I
Go-kōgonNorthern Court of JapanEmperor of Japan9 April 1371Go-En'yū
Go-En'yūNorthern Court of JapanEmperor of Japan24 May 1382Go-Komatsu
ChōkeiSouthern Court of JapanEmperor of Japan1383Go-Kameyama
Go-KameyamaJapanEmperor of Japan19 November 1392Go-Komatsu
Richard II  Kingdom of EnglandKing of England29 September 1399Henry IV
Albert  Kingdom of SwedenKing of Sweden1405 (deposed 1389)Margaret
Go-KomatsuJapanEmperor of Japan5 October 1412Shōkō
Gregory XII  Papal StatesPope4 July 1415Martin V
Murad II  Ottoman EmpireOttoman SultanAugust 1444Mehmed II
Go-HanazonoJapanEmperor of Japan21 August 1464Go-Tsuchimikado
Charles INorwayKing of NorwayJune 1450Christian I
Afonso V  Kingdom of PortugalKing of Portugal11 November 1477John II
John II  Kingdom of PortugalKing of Portugal15 November 1477Afonso V
Catherine CornaroKingdom of CyprusQueen of Cyprus26 February 1489Island annexed by the Republic of Venice
Bayezid II  Ottoman EmpireOttoman Sultan25 April 1512Selim I
Charles I[a]  Kingdom of SpainKing of Spain16 January 1556Philip II
Charles V[a]  Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Emperor27 August 1556Ferdinand I
Mary I  Kingdom of ScotlandQueen of Scots24 July 1567James VI
ŌgimachiJapanEmperor of Japan17 December 1586Go-Yōzei
Go-YōzeiJapanEmperor of Japan9 May 1611Go-Mizunoo
Go-MizunooJapanEmperor of Japan22 December 1629Meishō
MeishōJapanEmpress of Japan14 November 1643Go-Kōmyō
Christina  Kingdom of SwedenQueen of Sweden6 June 1654Charles X Gustav
Go-SaiJapanEmperor of Japan5 March 1663Reigen
John II Casimir Vasa Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthKing of Poland16 September 1668Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
ReigenJapanEmperor of Japan2 May 1687Higashiyama
James II and VII  Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Scotland
King of England and Scotland11 December 1688William III and II
Mary II
Augustus II Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthKing of Poland24 September 1706Stanisław Leszczyński
HigashiyamaJapanEmperor of Japan27 July 1709Nakamikado
Ulrica Eleanor  Kingdom of SwedenQueen of Sweden29 February 1720Frederick
Philip V  Kingdom of SpainKing of Spain14 January 1724Louis I
Victor Amadeus II  Kingdom of SardiniaKing of Sardinia3 September 1730Charles Emmanuel III
Ahmed III  Ottoman EmpireOttoman Sultan1 October 1730Mahmut I
NakamikadoJapanEmperor of Japan13 April 1735Sakuramachi
SakuramachiJapanEmperor of Japan9 June 1747Momozono
Charles VII and V  Kingdom of Sicily
 Kingdom of Naples
King of Naples and Sicily6 October 1759Ferdinand IV and III
Go-SakuramachiJapanEmpress of Japan23 May 1770Go-Momozono
Stanislaus II Augustus Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthKing of Poland7 January 1795Third Partition of Poland
Qianlong  China (Qing dynasty)Emperor of China9 February 1796Jiaqing
Rana Bahadur Shah  Kingdom of NepalKing of Nepal8 March 1799Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah
Charles Emmanuel IV  Kingdom of SardiniaKing of Sardinia4 June 1802Victor Emmanuel I
Francis II  Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Emperor6 August 1806Empire collapsed
Charles IV  Kingdom of SpainKing of Spain19 March 1808Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII  Kingdom of SpainKing of Spain6 May 1808Joseph I
Gustav IV Adolf  Kingdom of SwedenKing of Sweden29 March 1809Charles XIII
Louis Bonaparte Kingdom of HollandKing of Holland2 July 1810Napoléon Louis Bonaparte
Joseph I  Kingdom of SpainKing of Spain11 December 1813Ferdinand VII
Frederick VINorwayKing of Norway14 January 1814Christian Frederick
Napoleon I  First French EmpireEmperor of the French11 April 1814Bourbon Restoration
Christian FrederickNorwayKing of Norway10 October 1814Charles II
KōkakuJapanEmperor of Japan7 May 1817Ninkō
Victor Emmanuel I  Kingdom of SardiniaKing of Sardinia13 March 1821Charles Felix
Pedro IV  Kingdom of PortugalKing of Portugal[b]28 May 1826Maria II
Charles X  Kingdom of FranceKing of France2 August 1830Louis Philippe I
Louis XIX[c]  Kingdom of FranceKing of France2 August 1830Louis Philippe I
Pedro I  Empire of BrazilEmperor of Brazil[b]7 April 1831Pedro II
Miguel  Kingdom of PortugalKing of Portugal26 May 1834Maria II
William I  Kingdom of the NetherlandsKing of the Netherlands7 October 1840William II
Rajendra Bikram Shah  Kingdom of NepalKing of Nepal12 May 1847Surendra Bikram Shah
Louis Philippe  Kingdom of FranceKing of the French24 February 1848Monarchy abolished
Ferdinand I  Austrian EmpireEmperor of Austria2 December 1848Franz Joseph I
Charles II  Duchy of ParmaDuke of Parma14 March 1849Charles III
Charles Albert  Kingdom of SardiniaKing of Sardinia23 March 1849Victor Emmanuel II
Leopold II Grand Duchy of TuscanyGrand Duke of Tuscany21 July 1859Ferdinand IV
Isabella II  Kingdom of SpainQueen of Spain25 June 1870Amadeo I
Amadeo I  Kingdom of SpainKing of Spain11 February 1873Monarchy abolished
Milan II  Kingdom of SerbiaKing of Serbia6 March 1889Alexander I
Liliuokalani  Kingdom of HawaiiQueen of Hawaii24 January 1895
(relinquished power on 17 January 1893)
Monarchy abolished
Oscar II  Kingdom of NorwayKing of Norway26 October 1905Haakon VII
Sunjong  Korean EmpireEmperor of Korea29 August 1910Annexed by Japan
Xuantong  China (Qing dynasty)Emperor of China12 February 1912Monarchy abolished
Hongxian Empire of ChinaEmperor of China22 March 1916Monarchy abolished
Nicholas II  Russian EmpireEmperor of Russia15 March 1917Monarchy abolished
Ferdinand I  Kingdom of BulgariaTsar of the Bulgarians3 October 1918Boris III
Wilhelm II  German Empire  Kingdom of PrussiaGerman Emperor and King of Prussia9 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Marie-Adélaïde  Grand Duchy of LuxembourgGrand Duchess of Luxembourg14 January 1919Charlotte
Constantine I  Kingdom of GreeceKing of the Hellenes27 September 1922George II
Hussein  Kingdom of HejazKing of Hejaz3 October 1924Ali
Taimur bin Feisal  Sultanate of OmanSultan of Oman10 February 1932Said bin Taimur
Prajadhipok  Kingdom of ThailandKing of Siam2 March 1935Ananda Mahidol
Edward VIII  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandKing of the United Kingdom11 December 1936George VI
Carol II  Kingdom of RomaniaKing of Romania6 September 1940Michael I
Rezā Shāh IranShah of Iran16 September 1941Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Bảo Đại VietnamEmperor of Vietnam25 August 1945Monarchy abolished
Victor Emmanuel III  Kingdom of ItalyKing of Italy9 May 1946Umberto II
Michael I  Kingdom of RomaniaKing of Romania30 December 1947Monarchy abolished
Wilhelmina  Kingdom of the NetherlandsQueen of the Netherlands4 September 1948Juliana
Leopold III  Kingdom of BelgiumKing of the Belgians16 July 1951Baudouin
Farouk I  Kingdom of EgyptKing of Egypt26 July 1952Fuad II
Talal  Hashemite Kingdom of JordanKing of Jordan11 August 1952Hussein
Norodom Sihanouk  Kingdom of CambodiaKing of Cambodia3 March 1955Norodom Suramarit
Ali bin Abdullah Al Thani  State of QatarEmir of Qatar24 October 1960Ahmad bin Ali Al Thani
Saud  Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaKing of Saudi Arabia2 November 1964Faisal
Charlotte  Grand Duchy of LuxembourgGrand Duchess of Luxembourg12 November 1964Jean
Mohammed Zahir Shah  AfghanistanKing of Afghanistan24 August 1973Monarchy abolished
Sisavang Vatthana  LaosKing of Laos2 December 1975Monarchy abolished
Juliana  Kingdom of the NetherlandsQueen of the Netherlands30 April 1980Beatrix
Letsie III  Kingdom of LesothoKing of Lesotho[1]25 January 1995Moshoeshoe II
Jean  Grand Duchy of LuxembourgGrand Duke of Luxembourg7 October 2000Henri
Norodom Sihanouk  Kingdom of CambodiaKing of Cambodia7 October 2004Norodom Sihamoni
Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah  State of KuwaitEmir of Kuwait24 January 2006Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah
Jigme Singye Wangchuck  Kingdom of BhutanKing of Bhutan9 December 2006Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck
Benedict XVI  Vatican City StatePope28 February 2013Francis
Beatrix  Kingdom of the NetherlandsQueen of the Netherlands30 April 2013Willem-Alexander
Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani  State of QatarEmir of Qatar25 June 2013Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Albert II  Kingdom of BelgiumKing of the Belgians21 July 2013Philippe
Juan Carlos I  Kingdom of SpainKing of Spain19 June 2014Felipe VI
Muhammad V
(Sultan of Kelantan)
 MalaysiaKing of Malaysia (Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia)6 January 2019Abdullah
(Sultan of Pahang)
Akihito  JapanEmperor of Japan30 April 2019Naruhito
Margrethe II  DenmarkQueen of Denmark14 January 2024[2]Frederik X[3]

Subnational monarchs

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RulerCountryPositionAbdication dateSuccessor/Fate
Fulk VCounty of AnjouCount of Anjou2 June 1129Geoffrey V
Amadeus VIII  Duchy of SavoyDuke of Savoy5 February 1440Louis I
Hassan XMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1701Ibrahim Muzhir Al-Din I
Amina IMaldive IslandsSultana of the Maldive Islands1754Amina II
AlexanderPrincipality of Bayreuth
Principality of Ansbach
Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth2 December 1791Sold to Prussia
Günther Friedrich Karl IPrincipality of Schwarzburg-SondershausenPrince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen19 August 1835Günther Friedrich Karl II
Ludwig I  Kingdom of BavariaKing of Bavaria21 March 1848Maximilian II
Karl  Principality of Hohenzollern-SigmaringenPrince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen27 August 1848Karl Anton
Joseph  Duchy of Saxe-AltenburgDuke of Saxe-Altenburg30 November 1848Georg
Bernhard II  Duchy of Saxe-MeiningenDuke of Saxe-Meiningen20 September 1866Georg II
Shō Tai  Ryūkyū KingdomKing of Ryukyu16 October 1872Annexed by Japan
Günther Friedrich Karl IIPrincipality of Schwarzburg-SondershausenPrince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen17 July 1880Charles Gonthier
Ibrahim NooraddeenMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1886Muhammad Mueenuddeen I
Alexander  Principality of BulgariaPrince of Bulgaria7 September 1886Ferdinand I
Muhammad Mueenuddeen IMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1888Ibrahim Nooraddeen
Muhammad Imaaduddeen VMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1893Muhammad Shamsuddeen III
Muhammad Shamsuddeen IIIMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1893Muhammad Imaaduddeen VI
Rama Varma XVKingdom of CochinMaharaja of CochinDecember 1914Rama Varma XVI
Ernest Augustus  Duchy of BrunswickDuke of Brunswick8 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Ernest Louis  Grand Duchy of HesseGrand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine9 November 1918Monarchy abolished
William Ernest  Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachGrand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach9 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Bernhard III  Duchy of Saxe-MeiningenDuke of Saxe-Meiningen10 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Heinrich XXIVPrincipality of Reuss-GreizPrince Reuss of Greiz10 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Frederick Augustus II  Grand Duchy of OldenburgGrand Duke of Oldenburg11 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Heinrich XXVII  Principality of Reuss-GeraPrince Reuss Younger Line11 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Joachim Ernst  Duchy of AnhaltDuke of Anhalt12 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Leopold IVPrincipality of LippePrince of Lippe12 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Ludwig III  Kingdom of BavariaKing of Bavaria13 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Frederick Augustus III  Kingdom of SaxonyKing of Saxony13 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Ernst II  Duchy of Saxe-AltenburgDuke of Saxe-Altenburg13 November 1918Monarchy abolished
FriedrichPrincipality of Waldeck and PyrmontPrince of Waldeck and Pyrmont13 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Frederick Francis IV  Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-SchwerinGrand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin14 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Charles Edward  Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and GothaDuke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha14 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Adolf II  Principality of Schaumburg-LippePrince of Schaumburg-Lippe15 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Frederick II  Grand Duchy of BadenGrand Duke of Baden22 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Günther VictorPrincipality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen22 November 1918Monarchy abolished
William II  Kingdom of WürttembergKing of Württemberg30 November 1918Monarchy abolished
Hassan Nooraddeen IIMaldive IslandsSultan of the Maldive Islands1943Abdul Majeed Didi
Charles Vyner Brooke  Kingdom of SarawakRajah of Sarawak1 July 1946Monarchy abolished
Omar Ali Saifuddien III  Brunei DarussalamSultan of Brunei4 October 1967Hassanal Bolkiah
Ahmad Shah  Sultanate of PahangSultan of Pahang11 January 2019Abdullah
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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Charles I of Spain were the same person. He abdicated as Lord of the Netherlands on 25 October 1555 and King of Spain on 16 January 1556 in favor of his son Philip II of Spain. Also in 1556, he separately voluntarily abdicated his German possessions and the title of Holy Roman Emperor in favor of his brother Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.
  2. ^ a b Pedro IV of Portugal and Pedro I of Brazil were the same person. He was already Emperor of Brazil when he succeeded to the throne of Portugal in 1826, but abdicated two months later in favour of his daughter Maria II of Portugal. Later, he abdicated the throne of Brazil in favour of his son Pedro II.
  3. ^ Louis was only "King" of France for the twenty minutes it took for him to decide to sign the instrument of abdication. This means his 'abdication' is debatable. However, abdication as an heir has no legal basis; therefore he had to become king in order to abdicate.

References

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  1. ^ "King Letsie III Bio | Help Lesotho". Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  2. ^ "Queen Margrethe II: Danish monarch announces abdication live on TV". 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  3. ^ "Her er kong Frederiks valgsprog - TV 2". nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.