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This is a list of wars involving Germany from 962. It includes the Holy Roman Empire, Confederation of the Rhine, the German Confederation, the North German Confederation, the German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, the German Democratic Republic (DDR, "East Germany") and the present Federal Republic of Germany (BRD, until German reunification in 1990 known as "West Germany").
- before 962 List of wars involving Francia
- Victory of Germany (and allies)
- Defeat of Germany (and allies)
- Another result*
*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Germany, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result.
Holy Roman Empire (962–1806)
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Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813)
edit| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Protector |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| War of the Fourth Coalition (1806-1807) |  France
| Fourth Coalition:' | Victory
| Napoleon I |
| Peninsular War (1808-1814) | Defeat
| Napoleon I | ||
| War of the Fifth Coalition (1809) | France | Fifth Coalition: Rebel groups
| Victory | Napoleon I |
| French Invasion of Russia | France' French allies: |  Russia | Defeat | Napoleon I |
| War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814) | Original coalition After the Armistice of Pläswitz After the Battle of Leipzig After 20 November 1813 After January 1814 | France Until January 1814
Co-belligerent:
| Victory Confederation of the Rhine dissolved German states and Austria unite to form the German Confederation Netherlands gains independence Norway ceded to The King of Sweden | Napoleon I |
German Confederation (1815–1866)
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North German Confederation (1867–1870/71)
edit| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Chancellor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) |  North German Confederation
(after 18 January 1871) |  French Third Republic (Government of National Defense) | Victory
| Wilhelm I |
Post-unification (1871–present)
editGerman Empire (1871–1918)
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Weimar Republic (1918–1933)
edit| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Reichskanzler | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| German Revolution (1918–1919) |  Germany |  Revolutionaries | Government victory
| ? | |
| Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) | Germany | .svg){kind=small} POW | Defeat
| ? | |
| Lithuanian–Soviet War | Victory | ? | |||
| First Silesian Uprising (1919) |  Germany | POW-GS | Victory
| ? | |
| Kapp Putsch |  Weimar Republic
|  Putschists | Government victory
| ? | |
| Ruhr Uprising (1920) | Germany | Ruhr Red Army | Government victory
| 1,600+ (Both combatants) | |
| Second Silesian Uprising (1920) | Germany | POW-GS | League of Nations ceasefire
| ? | |
| March Action | Germany |  Communist Party Communist Workers Party | Government victory | 31 Police dead | |
| Third Silesian Uprising (1921) | Germany | POW-GS | League of Nations ceasefire
| ? | |
| Hamburg Uprising | Weimar Republic | Communist Party of Germany | Government victory | 17 dead, 61 civilians dead |
Nazi Germany (1933–1945)
edit| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Führer | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| German involvement in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) |  Spanish Nationalists Italy Germany Portugal |  Spanish Republicans International Brigades | Victory
| ~300 killed[20] | |
 Sudeten Germans
Supported by: |  Czechoslovakia | Defeat | ca.200 | ||
| Invasion of Czechoslovakia (1939) | Germany Hungary Poland |  Czechoslovakia | Victory
| 21 killed and wounded[21] | |
| World War II (1939–1945) | Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovakia Croatia Finland Thailand |  Soviet Union United States United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Ethiopia Brazil Mexico Colombia Cuba Nepal Philippines Mongolia | Defeat
| 6,900,000 to 7,400,000 dead[22] |
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East Germany (1949–1990)
edit| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Leadership of East Germany | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| East German uprising of 1953 (1953) | Demonstrators | Victory | 5 police killed |
Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)
edit| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result | Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor) | German losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gulf War | Coalition:
|  Iraq | Victory | ? | |
| Operation Deliberate Force (1995) |  NATO
|  Republika Srpska | Victory | None | |
| Operation Allied Force (1999) | NATO |  FR Yugoslavia | Victory
| None | |
| War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) |  Afghanistan ISAF |  Taliban al-Qaeda | Taliban victory
| 59 dead[24] | |
| War on ISIL (2015–present) |  Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan Syrian Kurdistan CJTF–OIR |  ISIL al-Qaeda | Ongoing
| See below[j] | |
| Mali War (2017–2023) |  Mali MINUSMA |  al-Qaeda | Compromise
| 2 dead[25] |
Notes
edit- ^ States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ^ States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ^ The Dutch Brigade
- ^ a b c d e Mikaberidze 2020, p. 309 states that the contributions of coalition members aside from Austria were "rather nominal". Englund 2004, p. 345 writes that "the only real coalition to be mounted in this nominal fifth war of that name was the coalition France created against unhappy Austria; it included the key German States and Italy."
- ^ in rebellion against the Confederation of the Rhine
- ^ in rebellion against Bavaria
- ^ in rebellion against France in Illyria
- ^ in rebellion against the Kingdom of Italy
- ^ Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
- ^ No German soldiers have been killed by ISIS, however, many German civilians have been killed in terror attacks claimed by ISIS. For details, see Islamic terrorism in Europe
References
edit- ^ Angelov, Dimiter (2019). The Byzantine Hellene: The Life of Emperor Theodore Laskaris and Byzantium in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p.89.
- ^ Byrne, Philippa (19 March 2023). "Translating German Emperors: A Staufen–Sicilian Synthesis under Henry VI?". The German Quarterly. 96 (2): 163–179. doi:10.1111/gequ.12333 – via CrossRef.
- ^ a b "Duitsland §6. Geschiedenis". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 2002.
- ^ Croxton 2013, pp. 225–226.
- ^ a b Heitz & Rischer 1995, p. 232.
- ^ Clark, Samuel (1995). State and Status: The Rise of the State and Aristocratic Power in Western Europe. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9780773512269.
- ^ Zamoyski 2004, p. 87.
- ^ Christian Wilhelm von Faber du Faur, Campagne de Russie 1812: d'après le journal illustré d'un témoin oculaire, éditions Flammarion, 1812, 319 pages, p. 313.
- ^ Eugène Labaume, Relation circonstanciée de la Campagne de Russie en 1812 Archived 2023-01-07 at the Wayback Machine, éditions Panckoucke-Magimel, 1815, pp. 453–54.
- ^ a b c Chandler 1981, p. 181.
- ^ Hofschroer 2006, pp. 82, 83.
- ^ Hervé de Weck: Franche-Comté expedition in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 8 May 2007.
- ^ Hempestall & Mochida, p. 54
- ^ "Uprisings against the German/South African Colonial Power". klausdierks.com.
- ^ Bridgman, Jon M. (1966) Revolt of the Hereros University of California Press. p. 164 (KIA: 676, MIA:76, WIA: 907, died from disease: 689, civilians: 100)
- ^ Gellately, Robert; Ben Kiernan (2003). The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective. Published by Cambridge University Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-521-52750-3.
- ^ van der Vat, Dan. Gentlemen of War, The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984, p. 19
- ^ See World War I casualties
- ^ Including conspirative co-operation between Germany and Russian Bolsheviks 1914–1918, Pipes 1996, pp. 113–149, Lackman 2009, pp. 48–57, McMeekin 2017, pp. 125–136
- ^ Thomas, Hugh (2003) [1961, 1987, 2001]. The Spanish Civil War. London: Penguin. p. 634. ISBN 0-14-101161-0. OCLC 248799351.
- ^ Boje o československé hranice v roce 1939
- ^ See World War II casualties
- ^ "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ "Germany honors soldiers who fought in Afghanistan mission". dw.com. 13 October 2021. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "German military helicopter crashes in Mali, two peacekeepers killed". Reuters. 26 July 2017 – via www.reuters.com.
Sources
edit- Chandler, David (1981) [1980]. Waterloo: The Hundred Days. Osprey Publishing.
- Croxton, Derek (2013). The Last Christian Peace: The Congress of Westphalia as A Baroque Event. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-33332-2.
- Englund, Steven (2004). Napoleon : a Political Life. New York: Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-87142-4. OCLC 1085212315.
- Heitz, Gerhard; Rischer, Henning (1995). Geschichte in Daten. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; History in data; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (in German). Koehler&Amelang. ISBN 3-7338-0195-4.
- Hofschroer, Peter (2006). 1815 The Waterloo Campaign: Wellington, his German allies and the Battles of Ligny and Quatre Bras. Vol. 1. Greenhill Books.
- Mikaberidze, Alexander (2020). The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-995106-2.
- Tuchman, Barbara W. (1978). A Distant Mirror: the Calamitous 14th Century. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-345-28394-5.