The Proto-Khmeric language is the reconstructed proto-language of the Khmeric languages. It has been reconstructed by Sidwell & Rau (2015), whose reconstruction is based on the sound laws provided in Ferlus (1992). It is agreed by most scholars that this language was phased out by 300 CE.
Proto-Khmeric | |
---|---|
Reconstruction of | Khmer dialects |
Reconstructed ancestor |
Reconstructed forms
editThe reconstructed Proto-Khmeric forms below are from Sidwell & Rau (2015: 273, 340-363).
Gloss | Proto-Khmeric |
---|---|
all | *grɔp |
ashes | *pheːh |
bark (of tree) | *smpɔːk |
belly | *buŋ |
big | *luoŋ ~ *ruoŋ |
to bite | *tkiːr ~ *tkɛːr, *kat |
black | *kmaw |
blood | *ɟhaːm |
boat | *duok |
bone | *cʔəŋ |
breast | *tɔh |
to burn (vt.) | *tut, *ʔus |
candle | *dian |
claw/nail | *krcɔːk |
cloud | *-(b/w)ɔːk |
cold | *rŋaː(r) |
to come/arrive | *mɔːk |
die (of a person) | *slap |
dog | *cɔː, *ckɛː |
to drink (water) | *phik |
dry (adj./stat.) | *praŋ |
ear | *(t/c)rciək |
earth/soil | *tiː |
to eat | *cie |
eye | *pnɛːk |
fat/grease/oil | *klaɲ |
feather | *slaːp |
fire | *ʔus |
fish (n.) | *triː |
fly (v.) | *həːr |
foot | *ɟəːŋ |
full (vessel) | *beːɲ |
give | *ʔoːj |
good | *lʔɔː |
green | *kciː |
group | *buak |
hair (of head) | *suk |
hand | *təj |
to hear/listen | *stap |
heart | *klim |
horn | *sneːŋ |
I | *ʔaɲ |
to kill | *psiət, *smlap |
know | *cih, *sgal |
leaf | *slik |
to learn | *rian |
to lie (down) | *tiek |
liver | *tləːm |
long | *wɛːŋ |
louse (head) | *ciː |
man/husband | *ɟmoːl |
meat/flesh | *sac |
moon | *khɛː |
mountain/hill | *bnɔm, *duol |
mouth | *mat |
name | *ɟmɔh |
neck | *kɔː |
new | *tmiː |
night | *jɔp |
nose | *crmuh |
not | *ʔət ~ *ʔɔt ~ *ʔit |
oil | *prieŋ |
one | *muoj |
person/human | *ʔnak |
rain | *pliəŋ |
red | *krhɔːm |
road, path | *gnlɔːŋ |
root (of a tree) | *ris |
round (object) | *wiel, *rwiəl, *rwɔŋ |
sand | *ksac |
see | *jɔl, *ghəːɲ |
sit | *guj |
skin | *spɛːk |
sleep | *tiːk |
small | *tic, *cmaːr |
smoke (n.) | (?*psɛːɲ) |
to offer | *ɟuon |
to speak, say | *srtiː |
to stand | *ɟhɔːr |
star | *pkaːj |
stone | *tmɔː |
sun | *tŋaj |
to swim | *hɛːl(?) |
that (dist.) | *nɔh |
this (prox.) | *nih |
tongue | *ʔntaːt |
tree | *ɟhəː |
two | *bier |
to walk, go | *təːr |
warm/hot | *ktaw |
water | *tɨk |
white | *skuː, *sɔː |
woman/wife | *knsaj, *kntaj |
Lexical innovations
editSelected Khmeric lexical innovations:[1]
Gloss | Proto-Austroasiatic | Old Khmer | Modern Khmer | Surin Khmer |
---|---|---|---|---|
‘fish’ | *kaʔ | triː~treː | trəj | trɛj |
‘chicken’ | *ʔiər | – | moan | mɯan |
‘dog’ | *cɔːʔ | cʰkɛː | cʰkae | ʨkɛː |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Sidwell, Paul (2021). "Classification of MSEA Austroasiatic languages". The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia. De Gruyter. pp. 179–206. doi:10.1515/9783110558142-011. ISBN 9783110558142. S2CID 242599355.
- Ferlus, Michel. 1992. Essai de phonétique historique du khmer (Du milieu du premier millénaire de notre ère à l'époque actuelle). Mon-Khmer Studies 21: 57–89.
- Sidwell, Paul and Felix Rau (2015). "Austroasiatic Comparative-Historical Reconstruction: An Overview." In Jenny, Mathias and Paul Sidwell, eds (2015). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages. Leiden: Brill.
🔥 Top keywords: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS te ShqiperiseAlexandria Ocasio-CortezBilderberg GroupCristiano RonaldoDong XiaowanMinecraftOperation GladioPrimal cutRiot FestStrictly Come Dancing (series 7)Main PageSpecial:SearchKalki 2898 ADWikipedia:Featured picturesJoe BidenDua LipaBronny JamesGavin NewsomProject 2025Donald TrumpHistorical rankings of presidents of the United States.xxxA Quiet Place: Day OneSugababesUEFA Euro 2024Cleopatra2024 NBA draft2024 United States presidential electionRobert F. Kennedy Jr.Deaths in 2024The Bear (TV series)ICC Men's T20 World CupLeBron JamesJ. D. Vance2024 Copa AméricaKevin RowlandNag AshwinGretchen WhitmerCeline DionBentley State LimousineRoe v. WadeYouTubePJ HarveyCallum TurnerDexys Midnight RunnersJill BidenKalkiWell he would, wouldn't he?Siobhán Donaghy