Proto-Indo-Europeans: Difference between revisions

The rise of [[archaeogenetic]] evidence which uses genetic analysis to trace migration patterns also added new elements to the origins puzzle. In terms of genetics, the [[subclade]] [[Haplogroup R-M420#R-M17.2FM198 .28R1a1a.29|R1a1a (R-M17 or R-M198)]] is the most commonly associated with Indo-European speakers, although the [[subclade]] [[haplogroup R1b1a (P-297)|R1b1a (P-297)]] has also been linked to the [[Centum]] branch of Indo-European.. The subclade's parent [[Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup|Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup]] [[Haplogroup R1a1 (Y-DNA)|R1a1]] is thought to have originated in either the [[Eurasian Steppe]] (north of the [[Black Sea]] and [[Caspian Sea]]) or the [[Indus Valley]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpR.html |title=ISOGG 2010 Y-DNA Haplogroup R |publisher=Isogg.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-23}}</ref> A large, 2014 study by Underhill et al., using 16,244 individuals from over 126 populations from across Eurasia, concluded there was compelling evidence, that R1a-M420 originated in [[Iran]].<ref>http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v23/n1/pdf/ejhg201450a.pdf</ref> The mutations that characterize haplogroup R1a occurred ~10,000 years [[Before Present|BP]]. Its defining mutation (M17) occurred about 10,000 to 14,000 years ago. Ornella Semino et al. propose a postglacial ([[Holocene]]) spread of the R1a1 haplogroup from north of the Black Sea during the time of the [[Late Glacial Maximum]], which was subsequently magnified by the expansion of the [[Kurgan culture]] into Europe and eastward.<ref>http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/Science_2000_v290_p1155.pdf</ref> Data so far collected indicate that there are two widely separated areas of high frequency, one in [[Eastern Europe]], around [[Poland]] and the [[Russia]]n core, and the other in [[South Asia]], around [[North India]]. The historical and prehistoric possible reasons for this are the subject of on-going discussion and attention amongst population geneticists and genetic genealogists, and are considered to be of potential interest to linguists and archaeologists also.