Tongren (Tibetan: ཐུན་རིན་, Wylie: thun rin; Chinese: 同仁; pinyin: Tóngrén), known to Tibetans as Rebgong (Tibetan: རེབ་གོང་, རེབ་ཀོང་ or རེབ་སྐོང་)[2] in the historic region of Amdo, is the capital and second smallest administrative subdivision by area within Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai, China. The city has an area of 3465 square kilometers and a population of ~80,000 (2002), 75% Tibetan. The economy of the city includes agriculture and aluminium mining.
Tongren 同仁市 · ཐུང་རིན་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། Rebgong | |
|---|---|
 Tongren from above | |
.png) Tongren (light red) within Huangnan Prefecture (yellow) and Qinghai | |
  Tongren Location of the seat in Qinghai | |
| Coordinates (Tongren County government): 35°30′58″N 102°01′06″E / 35.5161°N 102.0183°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Qinghai |
| Autonomous prefecture | Huangnan |
| Municipal seat | Longwu (Rongwo) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,275 km2 (1,264 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2,480 m (8,140 ft) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
| • Total | 101,519 |
| • Density | 31/km2 (80/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 811399 |
| Area code | 0973 |
| Website | www |
| Tongren, Qinghai | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Chinese | 同仁市 | ||||||
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| Tibetan name | |||||||
| Tibetan | ཐུན་རིན་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། or རེབ་གོང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། | ||||||
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The city has a number of Tibetan Buddhist temples and gompas, including the large and significant Rongwo Monastery of the Gelug school. It is known as a center of thangka painting. Regong arts were named on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2009.
In October, 2010 there were reports of large demonstrations in Tongren by Tibetan students who reportedly shouted the slogans, “equality of ethnic groups” and “freedom of language."[3]
Administrative divisions
editTongren is made up of 3 towns and 8 townships:
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Administrative division code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | ||||||
| Longwu Town (Rongwo Town) | 隆务镇 | Lóngwù Zhèn | རོང་བོ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | rong bo grong rdal | 632301100 | |
| Bao'an Town (Tokya Town) | 保安镇 | Bǎo'ān Zhèn | ཐོ་ཀྱཱ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | tho kyā grong rdal | 632301101 | |
| Dowa Town | 多哇镇 | Duōwā Zhèn | མདོ་བ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | mdo ba grong rdal | 632301102 | |
| Townships | ||||||
| Lancai Township (Loinqê Township) | 兰采乡 | Láncǎi Xiāng | བློན་ཆོས་ཞང་། | blon chos zhang | 632301200 | |
| Shuangpengxi Township (Xo'ongjê Township) | 双朋西乡 | Shuāngpéngxī Xiāng | ཞོ་འོང་དཔྱེལ་ཞང་། | zho 'ong dpyel zhang | 632301201 | |
| Zainmo Township (Zhamao Township) | 扎毛乡 | Zhāmáo Xiāng | བཙན་མོ་ཞང་། | btsan mo zhang | 632301202 | |
| Hornag Township (Huangnaihai Township) | 黄乃亥乡 | Huángnǎihài Xiāng | ཧོར་ནག་ཞང་། | hor nag zhang | 632301203 | |
| Qokog Township (Qukuhu Township) | 曲库乎乡 | Qǔkùhū Xiāng | ཆུ་ཁོག་ཞང་། | chu khog zhang | 632301204 | |
| Nyaintog Township (Nianduhu Township) | 年都乎乡 | Niándūhū Xiāng | གཉན་ཐོག་ཞང་། | gnyan thog zhang | 632301205 | |
| Garzê Township (Guashize Township) | 瓜什则乡 | Guāshízé Xiāng | འགར་རྩེ་ཞང་། | 'gar rtse zhang | 632301206 | |
| Gyaiwo Township (Jiawu Township) | 加吾乡 | Jiāwú Xiāng | རྒྱལ་བོ་ཞང་། | rgyal bo zhang | 632301207 | |
Demographics and languages
editThe Amdo Tibetan is the lingua franca of Tongren and the surrounding region, which is populated by Tibetan and Hui people, as well as some Han Chinese and Mongols.[4]
The Wutun language, a Chinese-Bonan-Tibetan mixed language, is spoken by some 2,000 people in the two villages of Upper and Lower Wutun, located on the eastern bank of the Rongwo River.[4]
Climate
editTongren has a highland humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb).
| Climate data for Tongren (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) | 21.6 (70.9) | 27.0 (80.6) | 32.7 (90.9) | 30.9 (87.6) | 31.3 (88.3) | 35.0 (95.0) | 34.2 (93.6) | 32.5 (90.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 19.8 (67.6) | 13.9 (57.0) | 35.0 (95.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) | 5.5 (41.9) | 11.0 (51.8) | 16.4 (61.5) | 19.3 (66.7) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.7 (74.7) | 19.0 (66.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 8.5 (47.3) | 3.0 (37.4) | 14.0 (57.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) | −2.5 (27.5) | 2.9 (37.2) | 8.5 (47.3) | 12.2 (54.0) | 15.3 (59.5) | 17.4 (63.3) | 16.7 (62.1) | 12.5 (54.5) | 6.8 (44.2) | 0.6 (33.1) | −4.7 (23.5) | 6.6 (43.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.6 (11.1) | −8.4 (16.9) | −3.1 (26.4) | 2.1 (35.8) | 6.3 (43.3) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.0 (53.6) | 11.5 (52.7) | 8.1 (46.6) | 1.9 (35.4) | −4.7 (23.5) | −10.1 (13.8) | 1.2 (34.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.6 (−8.7) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −15.0 (5.0) | −9.3 (15.3) | −3.7 (25.3) | 1.2 (34.2) | 4.3 (39.7) | 2.3 (36.1) | −0.9 (30.4) | −10.5 (13.1) | −16.4 (2.5) | −21.5 (−6.7) | −22.6 (−8.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.8 (0.11) | 4.2 (0.17) | 10.5 (0.41) | 24.5 (0.96) | 56.9 (2.24) | 59.4 (2.34) | 84.3 (3.32) | 77.8 (3.06) | 68.6 (2.70) | 25.4 (1.00) | 4.1 (0.16) | 1.0 (0.04) | 419.5 (16.51) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3 | 3.3 | 5.2 | 7.8 | 12.8 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 8.5 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 103.6 |
| Average snowy days | 4.4 | 5.3 | 6.7 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 29 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 41 | 41 | 42 | 45 | 53 | 60 | 64 | 65 | 68 | 61 | 48 | 41 | 52 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 205.4 | 197.1 | 219.9 | 228.2 | 220.8 | 203.3 | 219.3 | 210.0 | 172.0 | 197.1 | 210.6 | 211.9 | 2,495.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 66 | 63 | 59 | 58 | 51 | 47 | 50 | 51 | 47 | 57 | 69 | 70 | 57 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "黄南州第七次全国人口普查公报（第二号）——县级常住人口情况" (in Chinese). Government of Huangnan Prefecture. 2021-07-01.
- ^ "China Adds to Security Forces in Tibet Amid Calls for a Boycott" article by Edward Wong in The New York Times Feb. 18, 2009, accessed October 21, 2010
- ^ "China: Tibetan Students March To Protest Education Policies" article by Edward Wong in The New York Times October 21, 2010, accessed October 21, 2010
- ^ a b Lee-Smith, Mei W.; Wurm, Stephen A. (1996), "The Wutun language", in Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tyron, Darrell T. (eds.), Atlas of languages of intercultural communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas, Volume 2, Part 1. (Volume 13 of Trends in Linguistics, Documentation Series)., Walter de Gruyter, p. 883, ISBN 3-11-013417-9,
International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
External links
edit
- A Century in Rebkong, Amdo, an Amdo primer
- Video about Tongren - the city of Tongren and its most important monasteries with famous Buddhist art schools for Thangka painting
- Travel Videos from mickspatz at www.spatz-darmstadt.de - travel videos about Buddhist Monasteries and Tibetan Art of the Tongren-Rebkong valley and Xiahe
- Videos about a great festival in Tongren-Rebkong, July 2006 By Italian writer Mario Biondi, in Italian
- Photographs of Tongren/Repkong Shaman Festival
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