User:Bluedogtn/US Women's Open Page

A blonde-haired female tennis player with white skirt and a white shirt, with a white writstband, swings a right-handed backhand

American Chris Evert won an Open Era record four consecutive titles at the US Open between 1975 and 1978, and a record six overall with victories in 1980 and 1982.

The US Open^[a]^[b] is an annual tennis tournament created in 1881, which the women's did not start till 1887, and played on outdoor hard courts^[c] at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows – Corona Park, New York City, United States.^[1]^[2] The US Open is played during a two-week period in late August and early September, and has been chronologically the last of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.^[3] Newport (1887–1914), Forest Hills (1915–1920, 1924–1977), and Philadelphia (1921–1923) held the event before it settled in 1978 at the USTA National Tennis Center, now the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, in New York City.^[4]

The women's singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1887 to 1911, the event started with a knockout phase, the All-Comers singles, whose winner faced the defending champion in a challenge round.^[5]The All-Comers winner was awarded the title six times (1888, 1893, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1912 edition.^[6] Since 1887, all matches were played as the best-of-three sets, except during the years of 1891, 1892, 1894, and 1896-1901, when it was scored the best-of-five-sets.^[6] Before 1887, the winner of the next game at five-games–all took the set in every match except the All-Comers final and the challenge round, which were won by the player who had at least six games and at least two games more than his opponent. This advantage format was introduced for the final sets of early rounds in 1884 for men but for women starting in 1887, and used for all sets in all rounds from 1887 to 1969.^[6] The tie-break system was introduced in 1970 for all sets, in its best-of-nine points sudden death version until 1974, and in its best-of-12 points lingering death version since 1975.^[6]^[7]^[8] In addition, the US Open is the only slam to have a final third set tie-break, which has occured twice in 1981 and in 1985.^[3] The court surface changed twice, from grass (1887–1974), to Har-Tru clay (1975–1977), to hard courts, since 1978.^[9]

The champion receives a full-size replica of the event's trophy engraved with her name.^[10] In 2009, the winner received prize money of US$1,600,000.^[11] A bonus pool of $1,000,000 is also to US Open champions who have clinched the first place of the US Open Series.^[12] In the U.S. National Championships, Elisabeth Moore (1896, 1901, 1903, 1905) holds the record for most victories with four and Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (1909–1911) holds the record for most consecutive titles in the women's singles during the challenge round format at three. After the challenge round ended at the U.S. National Championships, Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1915–1918) and Helen Jacobs (1932–1935) holds the all-time record for most consecutive titles with four, and the most overall was eight wins by Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1915–1918, 1920–1922, 1926).^[3] In the US Open, Chris Evert (1975–1978) holds the record for most consecutive wins at four, and the record for most overall wins at six (1975–1978, 1980, 1982),^[3]

Champions

Key

Regular competition
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡
Defending champion, Challenge round winner †
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊

U.S. National Championship

Molla Mallory's eight US singles championships is the all–time record among both men and woman.

Year	Country	Champion	#	Country	Runner–up	Score in the final
1887	USA	Ellen Hansell †		USA	Laura Knight	6–1, 6–0
1888	USA	Bertha Townsend ◊		USA	Ellen Hansell	6–3, 6–5
1889	USA	Bertha Townsend †	2	USA	Lida Voorhees	7–5, 6–2
1890	USA	Ellen Roosevelt ‡		USA	Bertha Townsend	6–2, 6–2
1891	GBR	Mabel Cahill †		USA	Ellen Roosevelt	6–4, 6–1, 4–6, 6–3
1892	GBR	Mabel Cahill †	2	USA	Elisabeth Moore	5–7, 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2
1893	USA	Aline Terry ◊		USA	Augusta Schultz	6–1, 6–3
1894	USA	Helen Hellwig †		USA	Aline Terry	7–5, 3–6, 6–0, 3–6, 6–3
1895	USA	Juliette Atkinson ‡		USA	Helen Hellwig	6–4, 6–2, 6–1
1896	USA	Elisabeth Moore ‡		USA	Juliette Atkinson	6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1897	USA	Juliette Atkinson †	2	USA	Elisabeth Moore	6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 3–6, 6–3
1898	USA	Juliette Atkinson ◊	3	USA	Marion Jones	6–3, 5–7, 6–4, 2–6, 7–5
1899	USA	Marion Jones †		USA	Maud Banks	6–1, 6–1, 7–5
1900	USA	Myrtle McAteer †		USA	Edith Parker	6–2, 6–2, 6–0
1901	USA	Elisabeth Moore ◊	2	USA	Myrtle McAteer	6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 2–6, 6–2
1902	USA	Marion Jones †	2	USA	Elisabeth Moore	6–1, 1–0, retired
1903	USA	Elisabeth Moore ‡	3	USA	Marion Jones	7–5, 8–6
1904	USA	May Sutton ◊		USA	Elisabeth Moore	6–1, 6–2
1905	USA	Elisabeth Moore ‡	4	USA	Helen Homans	6–4, 5–7, 6–1
1906	USA	Helen Homans ‡		USA	Maud Barger–Wallach	6–4, 6–3
1907	USA	Evelyn Sears ◊		USA	Carrie Neely	6–3, 6–2
1908	USA	Maud Barger–Wallach †		USA	Evelyn Sears	6–3, 1–6, 6–3
1909	USA	Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman †		USA	Maud Barger–Wallach	6–0, 6–1
1910	USA	Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman †	2	USA	Louise Hammond	6–4, 6–2
1911	USA	Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman †	3	USA	Florence Sutton	8–10, 6–1, 9–7
1912	USA	Mary Browne		USA	Eleonora Sears	6–4, 6–2
1913	USA	Mary Browne	2	USA	Dorothy Green	6–2, 7–5
1914	USA	Mary Browne	3	USA	Marie Wagner	6–2, 1–6, 6–1
1915	NOR	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory		USA	Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman	4–6, 6–2, 6–0
1916	NOR	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory	2	USA	Louise Hammond Raymond	6–0, 6–1
1917	NOR	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory	3	USA	:fr:Marion Vanderhoef	4–6, 6–0, 6–2
1918	NOR	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory	4	USA	Eleanor E. Goss	6–4, 6–3
1919	USA	Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman	4	USA	Marion Zinderstein	6–1, 6–2
1920	USA	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory	5	USA	Marion Zinderstein	6–3, 6–1
1921	USA	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory	6	USA	Mary Browne	4–6, 6–4, 6–2
1922	USA	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory	7	USA	Helen Wills Moody	6–3, 6–1
1923	USA	Helen Wills Moody		USA	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory	6–2, 6–1
1924	USA	Helen Wills Moody	2	USA	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory	6–1, 6–3
1925	USA	Helen Wills Moody	3	UK	Kitty McKane Godfree	3–6, 6–0, 6–2
1926	USA	Molla Bjurstedt Mallory	8	USA	Elizabeth Ryan	4–6, 6–4, 9–7
1927	USA	Helen Wills Moody	4	UK	Betty Nuthall Shoemaker	6–1, 6–4
1928	USA	Helen Wills Moody	5	USA	Helen Jacobs	6–2, 6–1
1929	USA	Helen Wills Moody	6	UK	Phoebe Holcroft Watson	6–4, 6–2
1930	UK	Betty Nuthall Shoemaker		USA	Anna McCune Harper	6–1, 6–4
1931	USA	Helen Wills Moody	7	UK	Eileen Bennett Whittingstall	6–4, 6–1
1932	USA	Helen Jacobs		USA	Carolin Babcock Stark	6–2, 6–2
1933	USA	Helen Jacobs	2	USA	Helen Wills Moody	8–6, 3–6, 3–0, retired
1934	USA	Helen Jacobs	3	USA	Sarah Palfrey Cooke	6–1, 6–4
1935	USA	Helen Jacobs	4	USA	Sarah Palfrey Cooke	6–2, 6–4
1936	USA	Alice Marble		USA	Helen Jacobs	4–6, 6–3, 6–2
1937	CHI	Anita Lizana		POL	Jadwiga Jędrzejowska	6–4, 6–2
1938	USA	Alice Marble	2	AUS	Nancye Wynne Bolton	6–0, 6–3
1939	USA	Alice Marble	3	USA	Helen Jacobs	6–0, 8–10, 6–4
1940	USA	Alice Marble	4	USA	Helen Jacobs	6–2, 6–3
1941	USA	Sarah Palfrey Cooke		USA	Pauline Betz Addie	7–5, 6–2
1942	USA	Pauline Betz Addie		USA	Louise Brough Clapp	4–6, 6–1, 6–4
1943	USA	Pauline Betz Addie	2	USA	Louise Brough Clapp	6–3, 5–7, 6–3
1944	USA	Pauline Betz Addie	3	USA	Margaret Osborne duPont	6–3, 8–6
1945	USA	Sarah Palfrey Cooke	2	USA	Pauline Betz Addie	3–6, 8–6, 6–4
1946	USA	Pauline Betz Addie	4	USA	Doris Hart	11–9, 6–3
1947	USA	Louise Brough Clapp		USA	Margaret Osborne duPont	8–6, 4–6, 6–1
1948	USA	Margaret Osborne duPont		USA	Louise Brough Clapp	4–6, 6–4, 15–13
1949	USA	Margaret Osborne duPont	2	USA	Doris Hart	6–3, 6–1
1950	USA	Margaret Osborne duPont	3	USA	Doris Hart	6–4, 6–3
1951	USA	Maureen Connolly Brinker		USA	Shirley Fry Irvin	6–3, 1–6, 6–4
1952	USA	Maureen Connolly Brinker	2	USA	Doris Hart	6–3, 7–5
1953	USA	Maureen Connolly Brinker	3	USA	Doris Hart	6–2, 6–4
1954	USA	Doris Hart		USA	Louise Brough Clapp	6–8, 6–1, 8–6
1955	USA	Doris Hart	2	UK	Patricia Ward Hales	6–4, 6–2
1956	USA	Shirley Fry Irvin		USA	Althea Gibson	6–3, 6–4
1957	USA	Althea Gibson		USA	Louise Brough Clapp	6–3, 6–2
1958	USA	Althea Gibson	2	USA	Darlene Hard	3–6, 6–1, 6–2
1959	BRA	Maria Bueno		UK	Christine Truman Janes	6–1, 6–4
1960	USA	Darlene Hard		BRA	Maria Bueno	6–4, 10–12, 6–4
1961	USA	Darlene Hard	2	UK	Ann Haydon Jones	6–3, 6–4
1962	AUS	Margaret Court		USA	Darlene Hard	9–7, 6–4
1963	BRA	Maria Bueno	2	AUS	Margaret Court	7–5, 6–4
1964	BRA	Maria Bueno	3	USA	Carole Caldwell Graebner	6–1, 6–0
1965	AUS	Margaret Court	2	USA	Billie Jean King	8–6, 7–5
1966	BRA	Maria Bueno	4	USA	Nancy Richey Gunter	6–3, 6–1
1967	USA	Billie Jean King		UK	Ann Haydon Jones	11–9, 6–4

US Open

Martina Navratilova is a four-time champion, and won these twice back-to-back

Year	Country	Champion	#	Country	Runner-up	Score in the final
1968	GBR	Virginia Wade		USA	Billie Jean King	6–4, 6–2
1969	AUS	Margaret Court	3	USA	Nancy Richey Gunter	6–2, 6–2
1970	AUS	Margaret Court	4	USA	Rosemary Casals	6–2, 2–6, 6–1
1971	USA	Billie Jean King	2	USA	Rosemary Casals	6–4, 7–6
1972	USA	Billie Jean King	3	AUS	Kerry Melville Reid	6–3, 7–5
1973	AUS	Margaret Court	5	AUS	Evonne Goolagong Cawley	7–6, 5–7, 6–2
1974	USA	Billie Jean King	4	AUS	Evonne Goolagong Cawley	3–6, 6–3, 7–5
1975	USA	Chris Evert		AUS	Evonne Goolagong Cawley	5–7, 6–4, 6–2
1976	USA	Chris Evert	2	AUS	Evonne Goolagong Cawley	6–3, 6–0
1977	USA	Chris Evert	3	AUS	Wendy Turnbull	7–6, 6–2
1978	USA	Chris Evert	4	USA	Pam Shriver	7–5, 6–4
1979	USA	Tracy Austin		USA	Chris Evert	6–4, 6–3
1980	USA	Chris Evert	5	TCH	Hana Mandlíková	5–7, 6–1, 6–1
1981	USA	Tracy Austin	2	USA	Martina Navrátilová	1–6, 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–1)
1982	USA	Chris Evert	6	TCH	Hana Mandlíková	6–3, 6–1
1983	USA	Martina Navrátilová		USA	Chris Evert	6–1, 6–3
1984	USA	Martina Navrátilová	2	USA	Chris Evert	4–6, 6–4, 6–4
1985	TCH	Hana Mandlíková		USA	Martina Navrátilová	7–6(7–3), 1–6, 7–6(7–2)
1986	USA	Martina Navrátilová	3	TCH	Helena Suková	6–3, 6–2
1987	USA	Martina Navrátilová	4	FRG	Steffi Graf	7–6(7–4), 6–1
1988	FRG	Steffi Graf		ARG	Gabriela Sabatini	6–3, 3–6, 6–1
1989	FRG	Steffi Graf	2	USA	Martina Navrátilová	3–6, 7–5, 6–1
1990	ARG	Gabriela Sabatini		FRG	Steffi Graf	6–2, 7–6(7–4)
1991	YUG	Monica Seles		USA	Martina Navrátilová	7–6(7–1), 6–1
1992	SCG	Monica Seles	2	ESP	Arantxa Sánchez Vicario	6–3, 6–3
1993	GER	Steffi Graf	3	CZE	Helena Suková	6–3, 6–3
1994	ESP	Arantxa Sánchez Vicario		GER	Steffi Graf	1–6, 7–6(7–3), 6–4
1995	GER	Steffi Graf	4	USA	Monica Seles	7–6(8–6), 0–6, 6–3
1996	GER	Steffi Graf	5	USA	Monica Seles	7–5, 6–4
1997	SUI	Martina Hingis		USA	Venus Williams	6–0, 6–4
1998	USA	Lindsay Davenport		SUI	Martina Hingis	6–3, 7–5
1999	USA	Serena Williams		SUI	Martina Hingis	6–3, 7–6(7–4)
2000	USA	Venus Williams		USA	Lindsay Davenport	6–4, 7–5
2001	USA	Venus Williams	2	USA	Serena Williams	6–2, 6–4
2002	USA	Serena Williams	2	USA	Venus Williams	6–4, 6–3
2003	BEL	Justine Henin		BEL	Kim Clijsters	7–5, 6–2
2004	RUS	Svetlana Kuznetsova		RUS	Elena Dementieva	6–3, 7–5
2005	BEL	Kim Clijsters		FRA	Mary Pierce	6–3, 6–1
2006	RUS	Maria Sharapova		BEL	Justine Henin	6–4, 6–4
2007	BEL	Justine Henin	2	RUS	Svetlana Kuznetsova	6–1, 6–3
2008	USA	Serena Williams	3	SRB	Jelena Janković	6–4, 7–5
2009	BEL	Kim Clijsters	2	DEN	Caroline Wozniacki	7–5, 6–3

Statistics

Multiple champions

Title defended in the challenge round
Competed in 2009 +

Champion	Amateur Era	Open Era	All-time	Years
Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (NOR) (USA)	8	0	8	1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926
Helen Wills Moody (USA)	7	0	7	1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1931
Chris Evert (USA)	0	6	6	1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982
Margaret Court (AUS)	2	3	5	1962, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1973
Steffi Graf (GER)	0	5	5	1988, 1989, 1993, 1995, 1996
Pauline Betz Addie (USA)	4	0	4	1942, 1943, 1944, 1946
Maria Bueno (BRA)	4	0	4	1959, 1963, 1964, 1966
Helen Jacobs (USA)	4	0	4	1932, 1933, 1934, 1935
Billie Jean King (USA)	1	3	4	1967, 1971, 1972, 1974
Alice Marble (USA)	4	0	4	1936, 1938, 1939, 1940
Elisabeth Moore (USA)	4	0	4	1896, 1901, 1903, 1905
Martina Navratilova (USA)	0	4	0	1983, 1984, 1986, 1987
Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (USA)	4	0	4	1909, 1910, 1911, 1919
Juliette Atkinson (USA)	3	0	3	1895, 1897, 1898
Maureen Connolly Brinker (USA)	3	0	3	1951, 1952, 1953
Mary Browne (USA)	3	0	3	1912, 1913, 1914
Margaret Osborne duPont (USA)	3	0	3	1948, 1949, 1950
Serena Williams (USA) +	0	3	3	1999, 2002, 2008
Tracy Austin (USA)	0	2	2	1979, 1981
Mabel Cahill (GBR)	2	0	2	1891, 1892
Kim Clijsters (BEL) +	0	2	2	2005, 2009
Sarah Palfrey Cooke (USA)	2	0	2	1941, 1945
Althea Gibson (USA)	2	0	2	1957, 1958
Darlene Hard (USA)	2	0	2	1960 , 1961
Doris Hart (USA)	2	0	2	1954, 1955
Justine Henin (BEL)	0	2	2	2003, 2007
Marion Jones (USA)	2	0	2	1899, 1902
Monica Seles (YUG)	0	2	2	1991, 1992
Bertha Townsend (USA)	2	0	2	1888, 1889
Venus Williams (USA) +	0	2	2	2000, 2001

Champions by country

Former country ¤

Country	Amateur Era	Open Era	All-time	First title	Last title
United States (USA)	67	21	88	1887	2008
Australia (AUS)	2	3	5	1962	1973
Germany (GER)	0	5	5	1988	1996
Belgium	0	4	4	2003	2009
Brazil (BRA)	4	0	4	1959	1966
United Kingdom (UK)	3	1	4	1891	1968
Norway (NOR)	4	0	4	1915	1918
Russia (RUS)	0	2	2	2004	2006
Yugoslavia (YUG)	0	2	2	1992	1992
Argentina (ARG)	0	1	1	1990	1990
Chile (CHI)	1	0	1	1937	1937
Czechoslovakia (TCH)	0	1	1	1985	1985
Spain (ESP)	0	1	1	1994	1994
Switzerland (SUI)	0	1	1	1997	1997

References

^ "Tournament profile - US Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
^ "History of the U.S. National Championships/US Open". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "History > Women's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
^ "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
^ "Elisabeth Holmes Moore HOF Page". International Tennis Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Axthelm, Pete (1967). Tennis observed: The USLTA men's singles champions, 1881-1966. Barre Publishers. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ "History > Year-by-Year History". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
^ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
^ Adams, Susan B. (1998-08-30). "The U.S. Open: A Celebration - A Retrospective: The Men; Twin Pillars of Fire and Ice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
^ Fendrich, Howard (2008-10-09). "Federer feels 'much better ... than I ever have'". USA Today. Associated Press (AP). Retrieved 2009-06-24.
^ "2009 Prize Money". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
^ "Olympus US Open Series at a glance". usopenseries.com. United States Tennis Association. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[USOProfile-1] "Tournament profile - US Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.

[2008USOHistory-2] "History of the U.S. National Championships/US Open". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-08.

[2008USOFinals-3] "History > Women's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2010-02-02.

[USTAFinals-4] "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[5] "Elisabeth Holmes Moore HOF Page". International Tennis Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2010-02-03.

[Talbert-6] Axthelm, Pete (1967). Tennis observed: The USLTA men's singles champions, 1881-1966. Barre Publishers. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[2008USOYearbyyear-7] "History > Year-by-Year History". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.

[SuddenLingering-8] "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.

[Surfaces-9] Adams, Susan B. (1998-08-30). "The U.S. Open: A Celebration - A Retrospective: The Men; Twin Pillars of Fire and Ice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-14.

[FedererTrophy-10] Fendrich, Howard (2008-10-09). "Federer feels 'much better ... than I ever have'". USA Today. Associated Press (AP). Retrieved 2009-06-24.

[2009USOPrizeMoney-11] "2009 Prize Money". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-09-23.

[USOSeries-12] "Olympus US Open Series at a glance". usopenseries.com. United States Tennis Association. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-06-27.

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