Wobé (Ouobe) is a Kru language spoken in Ivory Coast. It is one of several languages in a dialect continuum called Wèè (Wɛɛ).
Wobé | |
---|---|
Northern Wèè | |
Native to | Ivory Coast |
Native speakers | (160,000 cited 1993)[1] |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | wob |
Glottolog | weno1238 |
Tone
editWobé is known for claims that it has the largest number of tones (fourteen) of any language in the world.[2] However, other researchers has not confirmed this, many of whom believe that some of these will turn out to be sequences of tones or prosodic effects,[3][4][5] though the Wèè languages in general do have extraordinarily large tone systems.
The fourteen posited tones are:[2]
IPA | ˥ | ˦ | ˧ | ˨ | ˧˥ | ˧˦ | ˨˥ | ˨˦ | ˨˧ | ˥˩ | ˦˩ | ˧˩ | ˨˩ | ˨˧˩ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B&L tone numbers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 31 | 32 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 15 | 25 | 35 | 45 | 435 |
Newman adjustment | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 20 | 21 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 04 | 14 | 24 | 34 | 324 |
Numerals
editWobe has a quinary, decimal system, and it is one of the only two Kru languages which have adopted the decimal system.[6]
References
edit- ^ Wobé at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Bearth, Thomas; Link, Christa (1980). "The tone puzzle of Wobe". Studies in African Linguistics. 11 (2): 147–207.
- ^ Singler, John Victor (1984). "On the underlying representation of contour tones in Wobe". Studies in African Linguistics. 15 (1): 59–75.
- ^ Newman, Paul (1986). "Contour Tones in Grebo". In van der Hulst, Harry; Bogers, Koen; Mous, Marten (eds.). The Phonological Representation of Suprasegmentals. Publications in African Languages and Linguistics (Book 4). De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 190–191 (notes 12 and 14).
- ^ Newman believes Singler is a valuable counterweight to Bearth & Link, but does not accept all his criticism; he accept the Wobe 43 toneme, for example, but believes it should be analyzed as /32/ (all tones being off by 1 compared to related dialects).
- ^ Hofer, Verena, Numerals in Wobé language.
🔥 Top keywords: Akademia e Shkencave e RPS te ShqiperiseAlexandria Ocasio-CortezBilderberg GroupCristiano RonaldoDong XiaowanMinecraftOperation GladioPrimal cutRiot FestStrictly Come Dancing (series 7)Main PageSpecial:SearchKalki 2898 ADWikipedia:Featured picturesJoe BidenDua LipaBronny JamesGavin NewsomProject 2025Donald TrumpHistorical rankings of presidents of the United States.xxxA Quiet Place: Day OneSugababesUEFA Euro 2024Cleopatra2024 NBA draft2024 United States presidential electionRobert F. Kennedy Jr.Deaths in 2024The Bear (TV series)ICC Men's T20 World CupLeBron JamesJ. D. Vance2024 Copa AméricaKevin RowlandNag AshwinGretchen WhitmerCeline DionBentley State LimousineRoe v. WadeYouTubePJ HarveyCallum TurnerDexys Midnight RunnersJill BidenKalkiWell he would, wouldn't he?Siobhán Donaghy