User:Mar4d/border
| Muscat Agreement on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between the Sultanate of Oman and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan | |
|---|---|
 Location of the Gulf of Oman, containing the territorial waters of Pakistan and Oman | |
| Type | Boundary delimitation |
| Signed | 12 June 2000 |
| Location | Muscat, Muscat Governorate, Oman |
| Effective | 21 November 2000 |
| Parties | |
| Depositary |  United Nations Secretariat |
| Languages |
|
The Oman–Pakistan maritime boundary refers to the international maritime border between Pakistan and Oman. It was formally established as a result of the Muscat Agreement on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between the Sultanate of Oman and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which sought to delimit the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) of both countries across the Gulf of Oman. The treaty was ratified on 12 June 2000 and came into effect on 21 November 2000.[1]
Maritime boundary agreement
changeThe text of the maritime boundary treaty is available in both English and Arabic, and was ratified by the two governments in Muscat, Oman, in 2000. It consists of nine articles, setting out the terms of the delimitation line in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.[1]
The Government and people of the Sultanate of Oman and the Government and people of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan,
Recalling the bonds of friendship and good-neighbourly relations existing between them,
Expressing their wish to delimit the maritime boundary between the two countries permanently, equitably and definitively in conformity with international law and relevant international conventions,Have agreed as follows...
— Preamble of the Muscat Agreement[1]
According to the treaty, the governments of Pakistan and Oman mutually recognise each other's sovereignty in their respective seabeds and territorial waters, as defined by international law and the limits set forth in the Muscat Agreement.[1] The treaty outlines necessary provisions for the discovery, exploitation and division of natural resources in the event of undersea directional drilling by either party that crosses the delimitation line, and mandates a 125 metre-wide zone on either side of the boundary wherein any activity shall be undertaken with mutual consent.[1] The treaty also states that should any maritime dispute arise, both sides shall "do their utmost to reach agreement regarding the best ways of coordinating and unifying their operations on both sides of the delimitation line."[1] A copy of the agreement is deposited with the United Nations Secretariat.[1]
Boundary delimitation
changeArticle 3 of the Muscat Agreement assigns the following coordinate points as constituting the delimitation line between the exclusive economic zones of Pakistan and Oman, in conformance with WGS 1984:[1]
| Point No. | Latitude (N) | Longitude (E) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 23 20' 48" | 61 25' 00" |
| 2 | 23 15' 22" | 61 32' 48" |
| 3 | 23 11' 40" | 61 38' 11" |
| 4 | 22 56' 35" | 62 00' 51" |
| 5 | 22 54' 37" | 62 03' 50" |
| 6 | 22 40' 37" | 62 25' 17" |
| 7 | 22 05' 01" | 63 08' 23" |
| 8 | 21 57' 13" | 63 14' 21" |
| 9 | 21 47' 24" | 63 22' 13" |
Cross-border relations
changePakistan and Oman share a historical bilateral relationship. Oman is the nearest Arab neighbour of Pakistan,[2] separated from Pakistan by the Gulf of Oman in the Arabian Sea[source?] and shares extensive historical ties with Pakistan's Balochistan province due to its regional proximity.[3] Baloch migration to Oman was frequent.[3]
Pakistan's Gwadar and Oman's Ras al Hadd are separated by a distance of only 320 km via sea.[4] Gwadar was a key trading port for Oman in the Indian Ocean.[5]
enabled Arab presence
See also
changeReferences
change- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Muscat Agreement on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between the Sultanate of Oman and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 12 June 2000(1)" (PDF). United Nations Delimitation Treaties Infobase. 24 December 2002. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ↑ "Pakistan eyes maritime trade with Oman". Dawn. 27 December 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Long, Roger D.; Singh, Gurharpal; Samad, Yunas; Talbot, Ian (8 October 2015). State and Nation-Building in Pakistan: Beyond Islam and Security. Routledge. pp. 129–. ISBN 978-1-317-44820-4.
- ↑ S. Mahmud Ali (23 January 2020). China’s Belt and Road Vision: Geoeconomics and Geopolitics. Springer Nature. pp. 205–. ISBN 978-3-030-36244-7.
- ↑ Jeremy Jones (10 March 2013). Oman, Culture and Diplomacy. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-0-7486-7463-3.
[3]; Oman-Pakistan ferry; closest Arab neighbour; [4] [5]
- In 1955, Makran acceded to Pakistan and was made a district - Gwadar then, was not included in Makran.
[6] [7] sea miles, dual Omani-Pakistani nationality, Although Oman denied there was a border dispute with Pakistan, stable border, Omani claim on Pakistani EEZ, Arabian Sea, UNCLOS article by Admiral Asaf Humayun
ferry a matter of hours [8]
Balochis in Omani armed forces [9]
Category:2000 in OmanCategory:2000 in PakistanCategory:Bilateral treaties of PakistanCategory:Borders of OmanCategory:Borders of PakistanCategory:Boundary treatiesCategory:Geography of Balochistan, PakistanCategory:Oman–Pakistan relationsCategory:Pervez MusharrafCategory:Treaties concluded in 2000Category:Treaties entered into force in 2000Category:Treaties of OmanCategory:United Nations treaties