మూస:Infobox ruthenium

రుథేనియం, ₀₀Ru
రుథేనియం
Pronunciation	/ruːˈθiːniəm/ (roo-THEE-nee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ru)
	101.07±0.02; 101.07±0.02 (abridged);
రుథేనియం in the periodic table
	టెక్నీషియం ← రుథేనియం → రోడియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2607 K (2334 °C, 4233 °F)
Boiling point	4423 K (4150 °C, 7502 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	12.45 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	10.65 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	38.59 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	591.6 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.06 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.2
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	146±7 pm
	Spectral lines of రుథేనియం
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound thin rod	5970 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	6.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	117 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	71 n Ω⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	447 GPa
Shear modulus	173 GPa
Bulk modulus	220 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	6.5
Brinell hardness	2160 MPa
CAS Number	7440-18-8
History
Discovery	Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807)
First isolation	Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807)
Recognized as a distinct element by	Karl Ernst Claus (1844)
Isotopes of రుథేనియం v; e;
	Template:infobox రుథేనియం isotopes does not exist
	Category: రుథేనియం; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Ruthenium". CIAAW. 1983.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Ruthenium". CIAAW. 1983.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

[4] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[5] "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

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